Val-Saint-Lambert Abbey

Val-Saint-Lambert Abbey, or Abdij van Val-Saint-Lambert as it is known in the local language, is a historic gem nestled on the banks of the Meuse River in the Belgian city of Seraing, in the province of Liège. This former Cistercian abbey, with its rich history and architectural splendor, offers visitors a fascinating journey through time, blending medieval monastic life with industrial prowess and artistic brilliance.

The Origins of Val-Saint-Lambert Abbey

The story of Val-Saint-Lambert Abbey begins around 1200, during a period of significant expansion for the Cistercian Order. In 1187, Cistercian monks from Signy-l'Abbaye settled in this picturesque valley southwest of Liège, invited by Gilles of Montaigu, Count of Clermont. The valley, named after Saint Lambert, the patron saint of Liège, provided a serene and fertile setting for the new monastery. In 1202, Prince-Bishop Hugh of Pierrepont granted the monks a large tract of land, allowing them to construct their abbey, which was completed by the end of the 13th century.

Challenges and Resilience

Despite its initial prosperity, the abbey faced numerous challenges over the centuries. Financial difficulties arose due to poor agricultural yields, mounting debts, and frequent changes in leadership. However, under the guidance of Abbots Jacques le Gai and Henri van Haccourt in the 14th century, the abbey experienced a revival, thanks in part to the profits from coal mining on its properties.

The abbey endured countless adversities, including natural disasters, famines, raids, wartime destruction, and fires. Notably, the abbey church was destroyed by lightning strikes in 1469 and again in 1557. These calamities likely contributed to the scarcity of literary and scientific works produced by the monks of Val-Saint-Lambert.

Transformation in the 18th Century

The mid-18th century marked a period of transformation for Val-Saint-Lambert Abbey. Abbot Simon de Harlez, a visionary leader, initiated a grand reconstruction project, demolishing a significant portion of the old buildings and commissioning Liège architect Jean-Gilles Jacob to design a majestic abbey with a palatial abbot's residence. The new abbey, built in the Liège-Aachen Baroque style, mirrored the grandeur of the nearby Château de Seraing, the summer residence of the Prince-Bishops of Liège. The abbot's residence, completed between 1762 and 1765, reflected Simon de Harlez's ambition and his desire to rival the Prince-Bishops.

The French Revolution and Industrial Era

The French Revolution brought an end to monastic life at Val-Saint-Lambert Abbey. In 1794, the French annexed the Prince-Bishopric of Liège and dissolved the monasteries. By 1796, the 36 monks had to leave the abbey, and its properties were auctioned off. The abbey church, rebuilt in 1574, was demolished in 1810, leaving a void in the northwest façade that was later filled with a structure that struggled to blend with the classical architecture.

In 1825, chemist François Kemlin and engineer Auguste Lelièvre purchased the abbey grounds and established a glass and crystal factory a year later. The abbey's spacious buildings, proximity to coal resources, and access to river transport made it an ideal location for the burgeoning industry. By 1846, the factory had merged with the Societé Anonyme des Manufactures de Glaces, becoming one of the world's largest glass manufacturers. Today, the 18th-century main building still serves as the headquarters of the Val-Saint-Lambert crystal factory, which houses a glass and crystal museum. The medieval buildings now accommodate the Cercle de Wallonie business club, while the gatehouse functions as a tourist information center.

Architectural Highlights

Val-Saint-Lambert Abbey boasts several architectural treasures. The 13th-century early Gothic chapter house, scriptorium, and dormitory have been meticulously restored. The guesthouse (maison des étrangers) dates back to the 17th century, while the monumental entrance gate, domain wall, main building, abbot's residence, and hospital are from the 18th century. The gatehouse's pediment bears the motto of Abbot Simon de Harlez: Fortiter et candide (Strong and clear).

The abbot's palace, built between 1762 and 1765, is a classic brick structure with a base of local blue stone. Although little remains of its once opulent interior, the building's exterior exudes timeless elegance. To the northeast lies the remnants of the abbey's garden, where the last abbot, Grégoire Falla, constructed a beautiful belvedere in 1789, the year of the Liège Revolution.

A Lasting Legacy

Val-Saint-Lambert Abbey's influence extended beyond its immediate surroundings. In Huy, the former refuge house of the abbey, the 16th-17th century Maison Batta, stands as a testament to the abbey's power and prestige. Other properties, such as manorial courts in Rullekoven, also bear witness to the abbey's historical significance in this part of Belgium.

In conclusion, Val-Saint-Lambert Abbey is more than just a historical site; it is a symbol of resilience, transformation, and artistic achievement. Its walls whisper tales of monastic devotion, industrial innovation, and architectural grandeur, making it an unmissable destination for anyone exploring the rich cultural heritage of Belgium.