The Illinois State Capitol, an architectural marvel located in Springfield, Illinois, stands as a testament to the grandeur and rich history of the state. This majestic building, completed in 1876, serves as the seat of the legislative and executive branches of Illinois' government. With its striking French Renaissance and Italianate design, the Capitol is not just a hub of political activity but also a beacon of historical and architectural significance.
The current Illinois State Capitol is the sixth building to serve as the state's capitol since Illinois joined the United States in 1818. Its construction began on March 11, 1868, and it took twenty years and $4.5 million to complete. Designed by the Chicago-based architectural firm Cochrane and Garnsey, the building's monumental scale and intricate details make it a standout structure. The Capitol's impressive height of 361 feet makes it the tallest non-skyscraper capitol in the United States, even surpassing the height of the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C.
The Capitol's location in Springfield was chosen after a series of relocations from previous statehouses in Kaskaskia and Vandalia. The decision to move to Springfield was influenced by a young Abraham Lincoln, who along with his colleagues, advocated for the relocation to a more central location within the state.
The Illinois State Capitol is a masterpiece of French Renaissance and Italianate architectural styles. Its cross-shaped footprint, with four equal wings, and the central dome covered in zinc, create a silvery facade that remains untarnished by weather. The dome, which is 92.5 feet wide, is supported by solid bedrock 25.5 feet below the surface, ensuring its stability and grandeur.
The interior of the dome is equally impressive, featuring a plaster frieze painted to resemble bronze, depicting scenes from Illinois history. Stained glass windows, including a replica of the state seal in the oculus of the dome, add to the building's aesthetic appeal.
Visitors to the Illinois State Capitol are greeted by a structure that is both imposing and inviting. The building houses the chambers for the Illinois General Assembly, which includes the Illinois House of Representatives and the Illinois Senate. Additionally, the Capitol contains the office of the Governor of Illinois, numerous other offices, and committee rooms.
A tour of the Capitol offers a glimpse into the state's legislative process and its rich history. The grand staircase, adorned with maiden lamp posts, is a highlight of the interior. These lamps, replicas of those originally intended for the Capitol but deemed too risqué at the time, add a touch of elegance to the building.
The Illinois State Capitol has undergone several renovations to preserve its historical integrity and enhance its functionality. A significant renovation in 2011 focused on the west wing, upgrading life safety, ADA accessibility, and mechanical, electrical, and plumbing infrastructure. The renovation also aimed to restore the Capitol closer to its original 1870s appearance, with refinished interiors, exposed brick arches in the basement, new chandeliers, and copper-clad exterior doors.
In 2021, another renovation program began, focusing on the north wing. This $224 million project, expected to last until 2025, includes updating fire protection systems, mechanical, electrical, and HVAC systems, and making additional areas ADA accessible. The renovation also aims to remove asbestos, add an underground garage, and improve security with a visitor screening area.
The journey of the Illinois State Capitol began in Kaskaskia, the first state capital, located on the Mississippi River. The capital was later moved to Vandalia, where three different capitol buildings served the state between 1820 and 1837. The decision to relocate the capital to Springfield was made in 1837, and the fifth capitol, designed by John F. Rague, was completed in 1853. This Greek Revival-style building is closely associated with Abraham Lincoln and now serves as the Old State Capitol State Historic Site.
The Illinois State Capitol is more than just a government building; it is a symbol of the state's heritage and resilience. Its walls echo the stories of Illinois' past, from its early days as a state to its growth and development over the centuries. For visitors, the Capitol offers a unique opportunity to explore the rich history and architectural splendor of Illinois, making it an unmissable attraction in Springfield.
Whether you are a history enthusiast, an architecture aficionado, or simply a curious traveler, the Illinois State Capitol promises a fascinating and enriching experience. Its blend of historical significance, architectural beauty, and ongoing relevance in the state's governance makes it a true gem in the heart of Illinois.
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