Old Courthouse

The Old Courthouse in St. Louis, Missouri, stands as a testament to both architectural splendor and pivotal moments in American history. Nestled within the Gateway Arch National Park, this grand edifice invites visitors to step back in time and explore the rich tapestry of events that unfolded within its walls.

The Architectural Grandeur

Originally completed in 1828, the Old Courthouse was a marvel of its time, designed by the pioneering architecture firm Laveille & Morton. It was the first architecture firm west of the Mississippi River above New Orleans, and their work on the courthouse set the stage for the city’s architectural future. The building’s Greek Revival style, with its stately columns and symmetrical design, evokes a sense of gravitas and timeless beauty. The crowning glory of the courthouse is its cast iron dome, added in 1861 by architect William Rumbold, inspired by the dome of St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City. This dome, completed in 1864, was a feat of engineering and design, making it one of the tallest buildings in Missouri until 1896.

A Hub of History

The Old Courthouse is perhaps best known as the site of the Dred Scott case, a landmark legal battle that reverberated across the nation. In 1846, Dred Scott, an enslaved African American, sued for his freedom on the grounds that he had lived in free territories. The case, which ultimately reached the U.S. Supreme Court, ended in a decision that denied Scott his freedom and intensified the national debate over slavery. This historic trial took place in the west wing of the courthouse, and today, visitors can stand in the very room where history was made.

Exploring the Courthouse

Visitors to the Old Courthouse can explore a variety of exhibits and restored courtrooms that bring the past to life. The National Park Service has meticulously restored two courtrooms to their historical appearances, offering a glimpse into the judicial proceedings of the 19th century. Circuit Court #13, located in the east wing, is restored to its 1910 appearance, while Circuit Court #4 in the west wing reflects the 1850s style. These rooms, with their period furnishings and decor, provide an immersive experience for history enthusiasts.

Art and Architecture

Inside the courthouse, the rotunda is adorned with murals painted by Karl Ferdinand Wimar, depicting significant events in St. Louis history. These murals, set within the lunettes of the dome, add a layer of artistic beauty to the architectural splendor. The courthouse’s design and decor reflect the cultural and historical narratives of its time, making it a rich subject for both art and architecture aficionados.

Notable Events and Figures

Beyond the Dred Scott case, the Old Courthouse was the site of another significant legal battle. In 1872, Virginia Minor attempted to vote in a St. Louis election and was arrested for her efforts. Her case, which argued for women's suffrage, ultimately reached the U.S. Supreme Court. Although the court ruled against her, the case was a pivotal moment in the fight for women’s voting rights. The courthouse also witnessed the admission of Louis Brandeis to the bar in 1878, who would later become a renowned Supreme Court Justice.

A Modern-Day Monument

Today, the Old Courthouse is not only a historical site but also a part of the vibrant landscape of downtown St. Louis. As part of the Gateway Arch National Park, it offers visitors a chance to reflect on the city’s past while enjoying the surrounding beauty of the park. The courthouse is often included in architectural tours of St. Louis, highlighting its significance in the city’s development.

Conclusion

The Old Courthouse is more than just a building; it is a symbol of the legal and social battles that have shaped American history. Its walls have witnessed trials that questioned the very foundations of freedom and equality, and today it stands as a monument to those struggles. Whether you’re a history buff, an architecture enthusiast, or a curious traveler, a visit to the Old Courthouse offers a profound and enriching experience. As you walk through its halls, you’ll find yourself transported to a time when the nation was grappling with issues that would define its future, making the Old Courthouse an essential stop on any journey through St. Louis.