Church of the Assumption of Mary and John of Nepomuk (Székesfehérvár)

The Church of the Assumption of Mary and John of Nepomuk, locally known as Nagyboldogasszony- és Nepomuki Szent János-templom, stands majestically in the heart of Székesfehérvár, Hungary. This architectural gem, often referred to simply as the Cistercian Church, is a testament to the grandeur of Hungarian Baroque architecture and a symbol of the city's rich historical tapestry.

The History of the Church of the Assumption of Mary and John of Nepomuk

The story of this magnificent church begins in the late 17th century, shortly after the expulsion of the Ottomans from Székesfehérvár in 1688. The Jesuits, who had arrived in the city, initially built their first church on the site of the present-day Franciscan church. However, recognizing the need for a more grandiose structure, they embarked on constructing a new church on the site of a former Turkish mosque. The construction of the current church and monastery began in 1742 and was completed in 1756.

While the master architect remains unknown, local lore attributes the design to Paul Hatzinger, a disciple of the Carmelite monk Martin Witwer. The foundation stone was laid on July 31, 1745, and the church was consecrated in 1756. Following the dissolution of the Jesuit order in 1773, the church was handed over to the Pauline monks and later, in 1813, to the Cistercians, who remained its custodians until 1950. After a brief period of secular use, the church was returned to the Cistercians following the political changes of the 1990s. The church underwent a comprehensive renovation in 2014, which included the consecration of three new bells.

Exploring the Exterior

As you approach the Church of the Assumption of Mary and John of Nepomuk, you are immediately struck by its imposing Baroque façade. The church is strategically located on the main street of Székesfehérvár's old town, making it a prominent landmark. Its twin towers, capped with onion domes and adorned with clocks, are quintessential features of Jesuit church architecture. The towers are connected by a central section that features a gently curving pediment and a series of decorative windows. The stone portal, with its volute decorations and the date 1751 inscribed on the lintel, hints at the church's historical significance. Above the portal, the Jesuit emblem proudly stands as a reminder of the church's original founders.

The Interior Splendor

Stepping inside, visitors are greeted by a spacious, well-lit interior that exudes a sense of serenity and grandeur. The ceiling is adorned with barrel vaults separated by delicate ribs, and the walls are lined with vibrant frescoes by Austrian painter Caspar Franz Sambach. The frescoes, depicting scenes from the lives of various saints, are a visual feast. Notable among these are the glorification of St. Ignatius of Loyola, the Patroness of Hungary fresco featuring St. Stephen and St. Emeric, and the dome fresco depicting the Holy Trinity surrounded by a host of angels.

The main altar is a masterpiece in itself, featuring a fresco of the glorification of St. John of Nepomuk, the patron saint of confession. The fresco creates an illusion of extended space, merging the real and the celestial worlds. Below this, a smaller painting of the Assumption of Mary, the church's other patron saint, is flanked by angelic figures.

Side Altars and Artistic Treasures

The church boasts four side altars, each dedicated to different saints. To the right of the entrance is the altar of St. Francis Xavier, created in 1752, opposite which stands the Guardian Angel altar. Further along, the altar of St. Ignatius of Loyola, painted by Michelangelo Unterberger, faces the Holy Cross altar, which depicts Christ on the cross. The church's furnishings, including the pews and confessionals, were crafted by the Jesuits in their own workshop, following designs by F. Baumgartner Bernát. The exquisite Rococo pulpit, adorned with scenes from the life of Christ and the emblem of the Jesuits, is the work of sculptor Károly Bebo.

The Sacristy and Its Unique Furnishings

One of the church's most prized possessions is its Rococo sacristy, considered one of the finest in Europe. Crafted by the Pauline monk Hyngeller János between 1764 and 1767, the dark oak furnishings envelop the room on three sides. The lower section features drawers and candle holders, while the upper cabinets mirror the church's altars. The tabernacle, designed to resemble an altar, depicts the lamentation of Christ, flanked by images of the church's patron saints. Each corner houses a confessional, and the doors are adorned with reliefs of various saints, including St. Peter and St. Paul.

The Bells of the Church

The church is home to four bells, each with its own unique story. The Trinity Bell, cast in 2014 by Miklós Gombos, weighs 305 kg and bears the inscription Gloria Patri et Filio et Spiritui Sancto. The St. Stephen Bell, also cast by Gombos in 2014, weighs 147 kg and is dedicated to St. Stephen, the first king of Hungary. The St. Thomas Bell, weighing 86 kg, was donated by Gábor Hunyadi in 2014, while the smallest bell, the St. James Chime, was cast in 1817 in Italy and weighs just 12 kg. These bells, consecrated in 2014, add a melodious charm to the church's daily life.

In conclusion, the Church of the Assumption of Mary and John of Nepomuk is not just a place of worship but a living museum of Baroque art and architecture. Its rich history, stunning frescoes, and exquisite furnishings make it a must-visit for anyone exploring Székesfehérvár. Whether you are a history enthusiast, an art lover, or simply a curious traveler, this church offers a glimpse into the spiritual and cultural heritage of Hungary.