Royal Museum for Central Africa

Located in the picturesque town of Tervuren, just a stone’s throw from Brussels, the Royal Museum for Central Africa, also known as AfricaMuseum, is an extraordinary institution that offers a deep dive into the rich cultural and natural heritage of Central Africa. This grand museum, with its neoclassical architecture and sprawling gardens, is more than just a repository of artifacts; it is a place where history, art, and science converge to tell the complex story of Africa and its connections to Europe.

The History of the Royal Museum for Central Africa

The origins of the Royal Museum for Central Africa are intertwined with Belgium’s colonial past. It was initially conceived by King Leopold II to showcase the Congo Free State during the 1897 International Exposition. The exhibition was a grand affair, featuring ethnographic objects, exotic animals, and even a human zoo, which starkly highlighted the colonial mindset of the era. The success of this exhibition led to the establishment of the permanent Museum of the Congo in 1898, housed in the Palace of the Colonies in Tervuren.

As Belgium’s colonial ambitions grew, so did the museum. In 1910, a new, larger building was inaugurated, designed by French architect Charles Girault. This new structure, with its opulent neoclassical design, became the Museum of the Belgian Congo. Over the years, the museum’s focus shifted from colonial propaganda to ethnography and anthropology, reflecting the changing attitudes towards colonialism and a growing interest in African cultures and societies.

Exploring the Museum

Upon entering the Royal Museum for Central Africa, visitors are immediately struck by the grandeur of the Great Rotunda, which once housed a statue of King Leopold II. Today, it features a striking sculpture by Congolese artist Aimé Mpane, symbolizing the museum’s commitment to a more inclusive and critical representation of history.

The museum’s permanent exhibition is a treasure trove of artifacts, artworks, and natural specimens. The ethnographic collection is particularly impressive, with over 120,000 objects that offer insights into the diverse cultures of Central Africa. From intricately carved masks and statues to traditional textiles and musical instruments, these artifacts tell the stories of the people who created and used them.

The natural history section is equally fascinating, with over 10 million zoological specimens, including insects, fish, and mammals. The museum also boasts an extensive geological collection, featuring thousands of rock samples and minerals. For those interested in botany, the museum’s xylotheque, with its 56,000 wood samples, is a must-see.

The Gardens and Surroundings

The museum is set within a beautiful park, which is perfect for a leisurely stroll. The park features classical French gardens designed by landscape architect Elie Lainé, complete with fountains, statues, and manicured lawns. One of the highlights is the Monument to the Congo, a striking sculpture that commemorates the museum’s origins and the complex history of Belgium’s relationship with Africa.

The park also includes the Africa Palace, formerly the Palace of the Colonies, which has been transformed into a reception centre, media library, and banquet hall. The Centre d'Accueil du Personnel Africain (CAPA), built in 1957 for African staff, now houses several scientific departments, further emphasizing the museum’s role as a hub for research and education.

Renovation and Modernization

In 2013, the Royal Museum for Central Africa closed its doors for a major renovation. The aim was to modernize the facilities and create a more critical and contemporary exhibition that addresses the colonial past and its lasting impacts. The renovation, which cost €66 million, included the construction of new exhibition spaces and the addition of a reception pavilion with ticket offices, a shop, a restaurant, and a picnic area for children. The museum reopened in December 2018, with a renewed focus on dialogue and collaboration with African communities and artists.

Visiting the Museum

A visit to the Royal Museum for Central Africa is a journey through time and space, offering a deeper understanding of Central Africa’s rich cultural heritage and its complex relationship with Europe. The museum’s extensive collections, combined with its beautiful setting and modern facilities, make it a must-visit destination for anyone interested in history, art, and science.

Whether you are a history buff, a nature enthusiast, or simply looking for a unique cultural experience, the Royal Museum for Central Africa has something to offer. Take your time to explore the exhibitions, wander through the gardens, and reflect on the stories and histories that this remarkable museum brings to life.