Turku Cathedral

Turku Cathedral, known locally as Turun tuomiokirkko, stands majestically on the banks of the Aura River in Turku, Finland. This grand structure, with its rich history and architectural splendor, is not just a place of worship but a symbol of Finnish heritage. As the only medieval basilica in Finland, the cathedral holds a special place in the hearts of the Finnish people and is often referred to as the National Shrine of Finland, although this title is not officially recognized.

The History of Turku Cathedral

The origins of Turku Cathedral are shrouded in mystery, with very little known about its early days. It is believed that the initial construction began in the late 13th century, possibly around 1292 to 1296, or even as late as 1309. The first structure was likely made of wood, later replaced by stone. The core of the current stone church was built in the late 14th century, with significant expansions and renovations occurring over the centuries.

Dedicated to the Virgin Mary and Saint Henry, Finland's first bishop, the cathedral has witnessed numerous historical events. In 1318, the cathedral was reportedly burned down by Novgorodian forces. The subsequent reconstruction included the addition of a new choir section, giving the cathedral its current expansive form. Throughout the 14th and 15th centuries, the church was surrounded by chapels, and by the late 15th century, the central nave was raised to allow for larger windows, enhancing the interior's natural light.

The cathedral has undergone several significant renovations, particularly after the devastating fire of 1827, which destroyed much of Turku. The current tower, designed by Carl Ludvig Engel, was built after this fire, replacing the previous one. Today, the cathedral is preserved with great care, respecting its historical and architectural values.

Exploring Turku Cathedral

Stepping into Turku Cathedral is like walking through a portal to the past. The cathedral's exterior, with its mix of Romanesque, Gothic, and Neo-Gothic styles, reflects its long and varied history. Inside, visitors are greeted by a serene and awe-inspiring atmosphere, with high vaulted ceilings and intricate details.

The cathedral is home to numerous chapels, each with its own unique history and significance. The main choir, known as the All Saints' Chapel, features a magnificent altarpiece painted by Fredrik Westin between 1829 and 1833. The chapel is also adorned with frescoes by Robert Wilhelm Ekman, depicting scenes from the life of Jesus and significant moments in Finnish history.

The Cathedral's Organs

Music lovers will be delighted by the cathedral's impressive organs. The main organ, built in 1980, is the second largest in Finland, boasting 81 stops and 6,057 pipes. It is complemented by several smaller organs located throughout the cathedral, each adding to the rich musical heritage of this sacred space. The organ music fills the cathedral with a sense of grandeur and reverence, enhancing the spiritual experience for visitors.

The Bells of Turku Cathedral

The cathedral's tower houses eight bells, the oldest dating back to 1723. These bells have a unique history, with some being gifts from local benefactors. One of the most famous bells, known as Birkstedt, was donated by a local merchant in 1841. The bells not only call the faithful to worship but also mark the passage of time, with the cathedral's clock striking every hour and quarter-hour. The midday chimes are broadcast daily on Finnish radio, a tradition that began in 1944.

Chapels and Tombs

Turku Cathedral is also a resting place for many notable figures in Finnish history. The cathedral's floor is lined with tombs, and beneath it lie numerous burial chambers. Among the most significant is the Kankaisten Chapel, which houses the sarcophagus of Queen Catherine Månsdotter and the graves of prominent families such as the Horns and the Kurcks. The Tavast Chapel, built by Bishop Magnus Tavast, contains his tomb and those of other important bishops and military figures.

The Cathedral Museum

For those interested in delving deeper into the cathedral's history, the Turku Cathedral Museum offers a fascinating collection of artifacts. Located on the southern gallery, the museum displays religious statues, textiles, and silverware from the cathedral's Catholic past, as well as items from the post-Reformation period. The museum provides a comprehensive overview of the cathedral's development and its role in Finnish history.

A Symbol of Finnish Heritage

Turku Cathedral is more than just a historical monument; it is a living testament to Finland's rich cultural and religious heritage. Its walls have witnessed centuries of change, from medieval times to the present day. Whether you are a history enthusiast, an architecture aficionado, or simply seeking a moment of reflection, a visit to Turku Cathedral is an unforgettable experience. The cathedral's timeless beauty and profound sense of history make it a must-see attraction in Turku, offering a glimpse into the soul of Finland.