Morrow Plots

In the heart of the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign campus lies a unique and historically significant gem: the Morrow Plots. Established in 1876, these experimental agricultural fields are the oldest in the United States and the second oldest in the world. Named after Professor George E. Morrow, these plots have been a cornerstone of agricultural research and education for nearly 150 years, making them a must-visit for anyone interested in the history of agriculture and scientific innovation.

The Origins of the Morrow Plots

The story of the Morrow Plots begins in the late 19th century when Professor Manly Miles established the first experimental cornfield at an American college. Initially, three half-acre fields were laid out with different crop schemes to study the effects of crop rotation and soil management. By 1879, George E. Morrow expanded these to ten plots, although the number was later reduced to three as the university grew and additional facilities were built.

These early experiments were crucial in demonstrating the importance of crop rotation in maintaining soil quality and increasing agricultural productivity. The data collected from the Morrow Plots showed that scientific approaches to farming could significantly improve crop yields, a revelation that helped shape modern agricultural practices.

Exploring the Plots Today

Today, the Morrow Plots consist of three small fields, each one-fifth of an acre in size. Located between the Main Quad and the South Quad, they are easily accessible and offer a fascinating glimpse into the past and future of agriculture. The northernmost plot has been continuously planted with maize (corn) since 1876, making it one of the longest-running agricultural experiments in the world. The middle plot follows a rotation of corn and soybeans, while the southern plot rotates between corn, oats, and alfalfa.

Visitors to the Morrow Plots can take a self-guided tour to learn about the history and significance of these fields. Informational plaques provide insights into the experiments conducted here and their impact on agricultural science. The fields themselves are a living testament to the enduring importance of agricultural research and the university's commitment to innovation and sustainability.

The Impact of the Morrow Plots

The research conducted at the Morrow Plots has had a profound impact on the field of agriculture. Early findings demonstrated that crop rotation could prevent soil depletion and increase yields, a practice that has since become a cornerstone of sustainable farming. Over the years, the data collected from these plots has contributed to advancements in soil science, crop management, and environmental sustainability.

One of the most significant contributions of the Morrow Plots is the understanding of soil fertility and its relationship to crop productivity. By comparing different crop rotations and soil treatments, researchers were able to identify best practices for maintaining soil health and maximizing yields. This knowledge has been disseminated through academic publications, extension services, and educational programs, benefiting farmers and researchers worldwide.

A National Historic Landmark

In recognition of their historical and scientific importance, the Morrow Plots were designated a National Historic Landmark on May 23, 1968. This prestigious designation highlights the enduring legacy of these experimental fields and their contributions to the advancement of agricultural science. As a National Historic Landmark, the Morrow Plots are preserved not only as a research site but also as a symbol of the university's long-standing commitment to innovation and education.

The Undergraduate Library and the Morrow Plots

One of the interesting stories associated with the Morrow Plots is the construction of the Undergraduate Library. Located to the west of the plots, the library was built with three stories underground to avoid casting a shadow on the fields. While this decision was partly influenced by the need to protect the Morrow Plots, it also aligned with the university's master plan, which called for a large open plaza on that end of the campus. This unique architectural solution underscores the university's dedication to preserving its historic research site while accommodating modern academic needs.

A Living Laboratory

The Morrow Plots continue to serve as a living laboratory for students, researchers, and visitors. Managed by the College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, the fields are used for ongoing experiments and educational programs. Students have the opportunity to engage in hands-on learning and contribute to the long-term research projects that have made the Morrow Plots a cornerstone of agricultural science.

Whether you are a history buff, a science enthusiast, or simply curious about the origins of modern agriculture, a visit to the Morrow Plots offers a unique and enriching experience. As you walk through these historic fields, you will gain a deeper appreciation for the pioneering research that has shaped the way we grow our food and manage our natural resources.

In conclusion, the Morrow Plots are not just an agricultural experiment; they are a living testament to the power of scientific inquiry and the enduring importance of sustainable farming practices. Their rich history and ongoing contributions to agricultural science make them an essential destination for anyone visiting the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. So, take a stroll through the Morrow Plots and discover the roots of modern agriculture in this remarkable and historic setting.