Fort Vancouver National Historic Site

Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, nestled in the charming city of Vancouver, Washington, is a treasure trove of American history and culture. This expansive site offers visitors a unique opportunity to step back in time and explore the rich heritage of the Pacific Northwest. Whether you're a history buff, an outdoor enthusiast, or simply looking for a fascinating day trip, Fort Vancouver has something for everyone.

The History of Fort Vancouver

Fort Vancouver's story begins in 1824 when it was established as a fur trading post by the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC). Under the leadership of Chief Factor John McLoughlin, the fort quickly became the headquarters for the HBC's operations on the Pacific coast. The fort's influence stretched far and wide, from the Rocky Mountains to Alaska, and even to the Kingdom of Hawaii. It was a bustling hub of trade, diplomacy, and cultural exchange.

The Treaty of Oregon, signed in 1846, marked a significant turning point in the fort's history. This treaty ended the Oregon boundary dispute between the United States and the United Kingdom, placing Fort Vancouver within the newly formed Oregon Territory. Despite this change, the Hudson's Bay Company continued to operate at the fort until 1860 when they relocated to British Columbia. In 1849, the United States Army established the adjacent Vancouver Barracks, which played a crucial role in the region's military history.

Although the original Hudson's Bay Company fort was destroyed by fire in 1866, the site was preserved and eventually designated a National Historic Site in 1961. Today, visitors can explore meticulously reconstructed buildings that offer a glimpse into the fort's storied past.

Exploring Fort Vancouver

A visit to Fort Vancouver is like stepping into a living history book. Start your journey at the Visitor Center, which was originally built in 1966 and recently renovated to serve as an information hub for both Fort Vancouver and the nearby Gifford Pinchot National Forest. Here, you can explore rotating archaeological exhibits and art displays by local Native artists, as well as watch informative films about the site's history.

As you wander through the reconstructed fort, you'll encounter a variety of buildings that bring the 19th-century fur trading post to life. The Chief Factor's House, the Bake House, and the Blacksmith Shop are just a few of the structures that have been faithfully recreated based on historical records. Each building is filled with period-appropriate furnishings and artifacts, providing an immersive experience that transports you back to the fort's heyday.

The McLoughlin House

Just a short drive from Fort Vancouver, in Oregon City, Oregon, you'll find the McLoughlin House, another integral part of the Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. This elegant two-story colonial mansion was the home of John McLoughlin, the fort's Chief Factor, who is often referred to as the Father of Oregon. McLoughlin purchased the land and built the house in 1846 after leaving the Hudson's Bay Company.

The McLoughlin House offers a fascinating glimpse into the life of one of the Pacific Northwest's most influential figures. The house is furnished with original and period pieces, and knowledgeable guides are on hand to share stories about McLoughlin's life and legacy. Adjacent to the McLoughlin House is the Barclay House, which was built in 1849 and now serves as a museum office and gift shop.

Pearson Air Museum

For aviation enthusiasts, the Pearson Air Museum is a must-visit attraction within the Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. Housed in a historic hangar, the museum showcases the rich aviation history of the Vancouver area, with a particular focus on Pearson Airfield. Highlights include a restored De Havilland DH-4 Liberty aircraft and a replica of Silas Christofferson's Curtis Pusher, which was famously flown from the roof of the Multnomah Hotel in Portland to Pearson Airfield.

The museum also features exhibits on the US Army Spruce Production Division and the first transpolar flight, which landed at Pearson Field in 1937. It's a captivating journey through the early days of aviation and the role it played in the region's development.

Vancouver Barracks

The Vancouver Barracks, adjacent to Fort Vancouver, have been an important military site since their establishment in 1849. Although the barracks were officially closed in 2012, the National Park Service has been working to restore and repurpose the historic buildings. While the barracks are typically closed to the public, outdoor exhibits provide insight into the site's military history. Future plans include transforming the area into a mixed-use community space with offices, restaurants, and a museum dedicated to the Vancouver Barracks.

Recreation and Events

Fort Vancouver National Historic Site isn't just about history; it's also a vibrant community space that hosts a variety of events and recreational activities. The site features a cross-country running course that has been the venue for the USA Cross Country Championships. Throughout the year, Fort Vancouver hosts living history demonstrations, workshops, and special events that bring the past to life in engaging and educational ways.

In conclusion, Fort Vancouver National Historic Site is a captivating destination that offers a rich tapestry of history, culture, and recreation. Whether you're exploring the reconstructed fort, delving into the life of John McLoughlin, or discovering the region's aviation heritage, there's something here to inspire and educate visitors of all ages. A visit to Fort Vancouver is not just a trip through time; it's an unforgettable journey into the heart of the Pacific Northwest's past and present.