Perched high on the rugged slopes of the Sierra de la Villa in Villena, Alicante, the Castillo de Salvatierra, affectionately known as El Castillico, is a testament to the region's rich historical tapestry. This ancient fortress, dating back to the 10th century, offers a fascinating glimpse into a bygone era where strategic military prowess and architectural ingenuity converged to create a formidable stronghold.
The origins of Castillo de Salvatierra are steeped in the Islamic period, specifically the Caliphate era, as confirmed by archaeological excavations conducted in 1951 by José María Soler. The fortress continued to play a significant role during the Almohad period and remained occupied until the 14th century. The first historical mention of the castle dates back to the 13th century, linked to the marriage of Don Juan Manuel, Señor de Villena, to Infanta Doña Isabel of Mallorca. This union granted the castle as part of the Infanta's dowry, highlighting its importance and strategic value.
Throughout its history, Castillo de Salvatierra served as a crucial surveillance and control point along the Vinalopó corridor. Its elevated position provided a vantage point for monitoring the surrounding valleys of Biar, Benejama, and Villena, as well as the towns of Yecla and Caudete. The castle witnessed numerous conflicts and battles, including the Valencian 'agermanados' uprising and the War of Spanish Succession, before being gradually abandoned in favor of the more prominent Castillo de la Atalaya.
Today, Castillo de Salvatierra stands in ruins, yet it continues to captivate visitors with its historical significance and the remnants of its once-imposing structure. The fortress is rectangular, measuring approximately 50 meters in length and 5 meters in width. Its walls, constructed from medium-sized stones bound with mortar, are 60 centimeters thick, showcasing the robust construction techniques of the time.
As you explore the castle, you'll notice the three towers that once dominated its skyline. The northern tower, originally circular, was later modified to a rectangular shape, mirroring the central tower. The southern tower, or the keep, is particularly noteworthy. This square tower boasts walls up to three meters thick and is divided into four sections. The lower two sections are made of Almohad rammed earth, while the upper sections are constructed from masonry. Intriguingly, the keep still bears the Mancala, a traditional Muslim game carved into the rock, offering a unique glimpse into the leisure activities of its former inhabitants.
One of the most fascinating aspects of Castillo de Salvatierra is its clear division between the upper area, or alcazaba, and the lower area, or albacara. The eastern side of the albacara is delineated by a long, straight masonry wall, providing a sense of the fortress's original layout. Additionally, the castle features an ingenious water collection system, with channels and stairs carved directly into the rock, leading to a cistern that once ensured a reliable water supply for the castle's occupants.
The historical significance of Castillo de Salvatierra extends beyond its architectural marvels. The site has been occupied during various periods, from prehistoric times through the ancient and medieval eras. This continuous occupation underscores the strategic importance of its location, offering both defense and control over the surrounding territory. The archaeological findings from José María Soler's excavations revealed artifacts from these different periods, further enriching our understanding of the castle's long and varied history.
In recognition of its historical and cultural importance, Castillo de Salvatierra was declared a Bien de Interés Cultural (Cultural Interest Site) in 1985. This designation ensures the preservation of the castle's remains and highlights its significance as a cultural and historical landmark in the region.
For those with a passion for history and a sense of adventure, a visit to Castillo de Salvatierra is a must. The journey to the castle involves a hike up the rugged slopes of the Sierra de la Villa, rewarding visitors with breathtaking views of the surrounding valleys and towns. As you stand amidst the ruins, you can almost hear the echoes of the past, the clashing of swords, and the strategic commands that once filled the air.
While the castle may be in ruins, its spirit endures, offering a poignant reminder of the region's rich and tumultuous history. Whether you're a history enthusiast, an avid hiker, or simply someone seeking a unique and enriching experience, Castillo de Salvatierra promises to transport you back in time, providing a deeper appreciation for the stories and struggles that shaped this remarkable fortress.
In conclusion, Castillo de Salvatierra is more than just a historical monument; it is a symbol of resilience and strategic ingenuity. Its walls, though weathered by time, continue to stand as a testament to the region's rich heritage and the enduring legacy of those who once called it home. A visit to Castillo de Salvatierra is not just a journey through history but an adventure that brings the past to life in the most captivating way.
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