Redoute du Moulin de Saquet

Situated in the picturesque commune of Vitry-sur-Seine, the Redoute du Moulin de Saquet stands as a testament to France's rich military history. Nestled between the Fort d'Ivry and the Redoute des Hautes-Bruyères in Villejuif, this strategic military fortification once dominated the landscape from the heights of the current Rue Camélinat, offering breathtaking views over the Seine.

The Historical Significance of the Redoute du Moulin de Saquet

The Redoute du Moulin de Saquet, named after the now-demolished windmill that once graced this site, was an integral part of the first ring of forts constructed to protect Paris. The windmill, which was torn down in 1857, left behind a legacy that continued to influence the area's name and history. Even today, the names Avenue du Moulin-de-Saquet and Rue du Moulin-de-Saquet serve as reminders of this bygone era.

Following the destruction of the windmill, the site underwent a significant transformation. The farm that succeeded the mill was eventually converted into a military stronghold, complete with artillery pieces designed to control the Seine. This transformation was part of a broader effort to fortify Paris against potential invasions, a necessity underscored by the tumultuous events of the Franco-Prussian War and the subsequent Paris Commune.

The Role During the Franco-Prussian War

The Redoute du Moulin de Saquet played a crucial role during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871. As German forces advanced on Paris, the French military hastily completed the fortifications of the Redoute du Moulin de Saquet and the nearby Redoute des Hautes-Bruyères. These earthwork fortifications, quicker to construct than stone forts, were vital in the defense efforts. On September 18, 1870, 2,000 men and 28 artillery pieces were stationed at the Redoute du Moulin de Saquet to reinforce the defenses.

The following days saw intense skirmishes and artillery exchanges. On September 23, the defenders successfully repelled an enemy reconnaissance mission with the aid of artillery from the Fort d'Ivry. The Redoute du Moulin de Saquet continued to be a focal point of military activity, with significant engagements occurring on November 9 and 12, and a fierce canonnade on November 14 that involved multiple forts and batteries in the region.

Despite the valiant efforts of the defenders, the Prussian forces maintained pressure on the fortifications. The Redoute du Moulin de Saquet endured heavy bombardments in early January 1871, yet the French artillery managed to inflict severe losses on the attacking forces, demonstrating the strategic importance and resilience of this fortification.

The Paris Commune and the Redoute du Moulin de Saquet

In the aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War, the Redoute du Moulin de Saquet found itself at the center of the Paris Commune, a radical socialist and revolutionary government that briefly ruled Paris from March to May 1871. The Communards, recognizing the strategic importance of the fortifications in the southern suburbs, occupied the Redoute du Moulin de Saquet along with other forts to protect Paris from the French government forces based in Versailles.

The Redoute du Moulin de Saquet, under the command of Walery Wroblewski, played a defensive role, protecting the forts of Bicêtre and Ivry and controlling the plains below. However, the lack of a coherent defense plan and the harsh realities of military life led to desertions and executions, undermining the Communards' efforts.

The fortification came under direct attack on the night of May 3-4, 1871, when government forces launched a raid to capture the redoute and disarm the Communards. The raid was successful, resulting in the capture of ten cannons and dealing a significant blow to the Commune's defenses. This event sparked controversy and political fallout among the Commune's leadership, highlighting the internal divisions and challenges faced by the revolutionary government.

As the government forces advanced into Paris from the west, the Redoute du Moulin de Saquet witnessed further skirmishes before ultimately falling to the regular troops on May 25, 1871. The forts of Bicêtre and Ivry followed suit, marking the end of the Commune's control over these strategic positions.

Legacy and Remembrance

Though the Redoute du Moulin de Saquet was eventually destroyed, its legacy endures in the historical narratives of Vitry-sur-Seine and the broader Paris region. The fortification's role in the defense of Paris during two significant conflicts underscores its strategic importance and the resilience of its defenders.

Today, visitors to Vitry-sur-Seine can explore the historical context of the Redoute du Moulin de Saquet through local landmarks and street names that pay homage to this storied past. The site's history offers a fascinating glimpse into the military strategies and struggles that shaped the region, making it a compelling destination for history enthusiasts and casual visitors alike.

In conclusion, the Redoute du Moulin de Saquet stands as a symbol of resilience and strategic ingenuity. Its historical significance, marked by its role in the Franco-Prussian War and the Paris Commune, continues to captivate those who seek to understand the complex tapestry of France's military heritage. A visit to this historical site offers a unique opportunity to connect with the past and appreciate the enduring legacy of those who defended Paris from its heights.