New Synagogue, Žilina

In the heart of Žilina, Slovakia, stands a remarkable testament to modernist architecture and cultural heritage: the New Synagogue, known locally as Neologická synagóga v Žiline. This architectural gem, designed by the renowned German architect Professor Dr. Peter Behrens, was constructed between 1929 and 1931. It embodies the principles of Slovak modernism and serves as a poignant reminder of the vibrant Jewish community that once thrived in this region.

An Architectural Marvel

The New Synagogue is a striking example of Behrens’ architectural philosophy, which emphasizes the appropriateness of materials, function, and time. The design was inspired by the Tomb of Rachel, situated between Jerusalem and Bethlehem, and it seamlessly integrates into the historical urban fabric of Žilina. The synagogue’s location at the intersection of two streets on a gently sloping terrain is ingeniously utilized through the introduction of terraces and a grand staircase leading to the northern entrance.

The exterior of the synagogue is dominated by a massive central block, which emerges from a horizontal base comprising vestibules and entrance terraces. The central block, a cuboid structure, is punctuated by eleven vertical windows that culminate in an attic with a rising silhouette towards the corners. At the heart of this cuboid is a dome, originally covered in copper, which adds to the building's monumental presence. The juxtaposition of smooth plaster on the central block and irregular stone cladding on the horizontal base creates a visually compelling contrast, emphasizing the building’s stability and grandeur.

A Sacred Interior

Stepping inside, visitors are greeted by the awe-inspiring main hall, crowned by a dome adorned with a golden Star of David. This central space, designed to accommodate 450 men, is flanked by galleries on two sides, which provided seating for 300 women. The galleries, accessible via four staircases, enhance the symmetrical layout of the interior. The hall’s rectangular form is achieved by extending the square base with longitudinal vestibules, while a raised terrace on the northern side balances the rectangular extension of the small prayer room on the southern side.

The interior is a harmonious blend of functionality and aesthetics. The dome, with a diameter of 16 meters and a height of 17.6 meters, is a marvel of reinforced concrete construction. The walls, painted white with terracotta bands, emphasize horizontal lines, creating a sense of expansiveness. The terrazzo floors, designed with a carpet pattern, and the bronze chandelier, complemented by spotlights illuminating the dome, add to the synagogue’s serene and contemplative atmosphere.

A Journey Through Time

The New Synagogue served its religious purpose until World War II. After the war, the building underwent several transformations, reflecting the changing needs of the community. It functioned as a theater and concert hall, an auditorium for the University of Transport, and a cinema until 2010. These adaptations significantly altered the original interior, with the insertion of new structures that changed the spatial layout.

In 2011, the civic association Truc sphérique embarked on an ambitious project to restore the synagogue. The restoration, completed in 2017, was guided by a deep respect for the building’s cultural and architectural heritage. The project received the CE.ZA.AR award in 2018 in the category of renovation and reconstruction, recognizing the meticulous efforts to preserve this historical monument.

A Cultural Hub

Today, the New Synagogue stands as a vibrant cultural hub, hosting a variety of artistic and cultural events. It has been transformed into a house of art, where contemporary exhibitions, concerts, and performances breathe new life into this historic space. The synagogue’s restoration has not only preserved its architectural integrity but also redefined its role in the community, making it a beacon of cultural exchange and artistic expression.

Visitors to the New Synagogue can immerse themselves in its rich history and architectural splendor. The building’s exterior and interior offer a fascinating glimpse into the past, while its current use as a cultural center connects it to the present and future. Whether you are an architecture enthusiast, a history buff, or simply a curious traveler, the New Synagogue in Žilina is a must-visit destination that promises to leave a lasting impression.

In conclusion, the New Synagogue is not just a historical monument; it is a living testament to the resilience and creativity of the human spirit. Its walls echo the stories of the past, while its present-day role as a cultural venue ensures that it remains a dynamic part of Žilina’s urban landscape. A visit to this architectural masterpiece is a journey through time, offering insights into the region’s rich cultural heritage and the enduring legacy of its Jewish community.