Cathedral of the Holy Saviour

In the heart of Aix-en-Provence, nestled within the charming streets of this historic town, stands the Cathedral of the Holy Saviour (Cathédrale Saint-Sauveur d'Aix-en-Provence), a magnificent testament to centuries of architectural evolution and religious significance. This awe-inspiring cathedral, with its blend of Romanesque, Gothic, and Baroque styles, is a must-see for any visitor to the region.

A Journey Through Time

The Cathedral of the Holy Saviour is built on the site of an ancient Roman forum, and legend has it that it was founded on the remains of a temple dedicated to Apollo. This rich historical tapestry is woven into the very fabric of the cathedral, with fragments of Roman walls and columns still visible today. According to Christian tradition, Saint Maximin, who arrived from Palestine with Mary Magdalene, established a modest chapel here dedicated to the Holy Saviour.

Over the centuries, the cathedral has undergone numerous transformations. The original chapel was destroyed during the Saracen invasions of the 8th and 9th centuries. The current Romanesque structure began to take shape in the late 11th century under the direction of Archbishop Rostang de Fos and the chapter provost Benoît. A dedication on the southern nave, known as the Corpus Domini, dates back to 1103, although some walls seem to be even older, dating to the early Middle Ages.

An Architectural Marvel

One of the most striking features of the Cathedral of the Holy Saviour is its eclectic mix of architectural styles. The Romanesque nave, built in the 12th century, stands in stark contrast to the Gothic portal, which dates to the 16th century. This juxtaposition of styles is a visual feast for visitors, offering a unique glimpse into the cathedral's long and storied history.

The Gothic façade, with its intricate sculptures and towering spires, was the work of several master craftsmen over many years. The construction of the westernmost bay began in 1471, led by the architect Hélion l'Auvergnat. Despite numerous interruptions and changes in leadership, the façade was finally completed in 1513, with the addition of statues by the sculptor Jean Mone and vibrant paintings by Pierre Bœuf and Jean Cordonnier.

Exquisite Details

As you approach the cathedral, you'll be greeted by the stunning walnut doors, carved by the brothers Raymond and Jean Bolhit and the Toulon sculptor Jean Guiramand in the early 16th century. These doors, adorned with intricate scenes from the lives of the prophets Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and Daniel, are framed by delicate floral garlands, showcasing the remarkable craftsmanship of the period.

Step inside, and you'll find yourself in the ancient baptistery, one of the oldest in France. This octagonal structure, dating back to the 5th or 6th century, features a dome decorated with gypsum reliefs and Roman-era columns. The baptistery's symbolic design, with its central baptismal pool and orientation towards the rising sun, reflects the early Christian emphasis on rebirth and enlightenment through baptism.

The Cloister and Stained Glass

No visit to the Cathedral of the Holy Saviour would be complete without exploring the serene cloister, constructed between the 11th and 13th centuries. This peaceful space, with its elegant arches and tranquil garden, offers a moment of reflection amidst the hustle and bustle of Aix-en-Provence.

The cathedral's stained glass windows, created by the renowned Didron studio in the 19th century, are another highlight. These vibrant windows, depicting scenes from the triumph of faith, the hope of the faithful, and the saints of Provence, bathe the interior in a kaleidoscope of colors, adding to the cathedral's ethereal beauty.

Chapels and Artworks

The Cathedral of the Holy Saviour houses several chapels, each with its own unique charm and history. The Chapel of Saints Cosmas and Damian, built in the late 16th century, serves as the narthex of the baptistery and contains a remarkable collection of lapidary artifacts, including the sarcophagus of Saint Mitre and sculptures by Charles Desbordes.

Art lovers will be delighted by the cathedral's impressive collection of paintings and tapestries. Notable works include the triptych of the Burning Bush by Nicolas Froment, the Transfiguration of the Saviour by Jean Daret the Younger, and the Last Supper by Jean Daret the Elder. Additionally, the cathedral boasts a series of 17 tapestries by the Flemish painter Quentin Metsys, depicting scenes from the life of Christ and the Virgin Mary.

The Grand Organ

The cathedral's grand organ, built in 1743, is a masterpiece in its own right. Located on the north side of the Gothic choir, this magnificent instrument is classified as a historical monument. Its intricate carvings and elaborate design are a testament to the skill and artistry of its creators. An identical, though non-functional, organ was constructed opposite the grand organ to maintain the baroque aesthetic.

In conclusion, the Cathedral of the Holy Saviour is not just a place of worship; it is a living museum of art, history, and architecture. Each stone and sculpture, each painting and tapestry, tells a story of devotion, creativity, and resilience. Whether you're a history enthusiast, an art lover, or simply a curious traveler, a visit to this remarkable cathedral is sure to leave you inspired and awestruck.