Arezzo Cathedral

The Arezzo Cathedral, officially known as Cattedrale dei Santi Pietro e Donato, stands majestically at the summit of the hill where the city of Arezzo is perched. This grandiose cathedral is not only the primary place of Catholic worship in Arezzo but also the seat of the Diocese of Arezzo-Cortona-Sansepolcro. Its historical and architectural significance makes it a must-visit for anyone exploring the rich cultural heritage of Tuscany.

The History of Arezzo Cathedral

The origins of Arezzo Cathedral date back to the early Christian era, with its foundation likely built on the site of the ancient city acropolis. The original cathedral was located on the nearby Pionta Hill, where Saint Donatus, the city's martyr and patron saint, was buried and venerated. However, in 1203, Pope Innocent III ordered the transfer of the cathedral within the city walls, selecting the Benedictine church of San Pietro Maggiore as the new site.

The construction of the present cathedral commenced in 1278, following a significant donation from Pope Gregory X, who passed away in Arezzo in 1276. Despite several interruptions due to political and financial challenges, the cathedral was consecrated in 1289, although only the apse and the first two bays were completed at that time. Subsequent construction phases saw the addition of more bays, the lateral portal, and finally the nave, which was completed in 1511. The façade, however, remained unfinished until the early 20th century when it was finally completed under the direction of architect Dante Viviani.

Exploring the Exterior

The façade of Arezzo Cathedral, constructed between 1901 and 1914, showcases a Neo-Gothic style that harmonizes with the building's medieval origins. The façade is divided into three sections corresponding to the interior nave and aisles. Each section features a portal adorned with intricate sculptures and bas-reliefs. The central portal is particularly impressive, crowned with a gable and flanked by statues of Jesus the Redeemer, Saint Donatus, and Blessed Gregory.

The right side of the cathedral retains its original 14th-century sandstone structure, with a clear demarcation between the old and new stone blocks. The side portal, created between 1325 and 1340, is a remarkable example of medieval sculpture, featuring allegorical representations of Virtues and Vices, as well as statues of the Madonna and Child flanked by Saint Donatus and Blessed Gregory X.

The Unique Campanile

The story of the cathedral's bell tower is quite intriguing, as the current structure is the fourth iteration. The original bell tower, constructed in the 16th century, was demolished in the 17th century due to complaints from the nearby Palazzo dei Priori. A subsequent bell tower was also dismantled due to structural concerns. Finally, in the mid-19th century, construction began on the current Neo-Gothic bell tower, which was completed in 1937. The tower, designed by engineer Giuseppe Castelluccio, features a hexagonal plan and is adorned with circular windows and elaborate stonework, standing at an impressive height of 76.8 meters.

The Splendor of the Interior

The interior of Arezzo Cathedral is equally captivating, with its three naves divided by large pointed arches supported by polystyle pillars. The central nave is illuminated by circular rose windows, the most notable of which is the Pentecost window created by Guillaume de Marcillat in 1518. The cathedral's walls and vaults are adorned with frescoes by Marcillat and Salvi Castellucci, adding to the grandeur of the space.

The apse, built in the 13th century, features three tall biforate windows with stained glass depicting the Assumption of Mary and various saints. The high altar, predating 1289, is a masterpiece of Gothic sculpture, adorned with pointed arches and columns. Behind the altar lies the Ark of Saint Donatus, a marble sarcophagus created in the 14th century to house the relics of the city's patron saint. The ark is an exquisite example of medieval artistry, with contributions from various artists over the centuries.

Highlights of the Left Nave

The left nave of the cathedral houses several notable features, including the hexagonal baptismal font adorned with reliefs attributed to the school of Donatello. The font's central panel, depicting the Baptism of Christ, is believed to be the work of Donatello himself, with other panels created by his workshop. The nave also contains a 17th-century altar and the tomb of Bishop Guido Tarlati, a significant figure in the cathedral's history.

Visiting Arezzo Cathedral is a journey through centuries of religious and artistic heritage. Its blend of Gothic and Neo-Gothic elements, combined with its rich history and stunning artworks, make it a true gem of Tuscany. Whether you are a history enthusiast, an art lover, or simply a curious traveler, the cathedral offers a profound and enriching experience that is sure to leave a lasting impression.