The Circus

The Circus in Bath, Somerset, stands as a testament to the grandeur of Georgian architecture and the visionary genius of John Wood, the Elder. This historic ring of large townhouses, forming a perfect circle with three entrances, is not merely a residential area but a masterpiece of architectural design and urban planning. Built between 1754 and 1768, The Circus is one of Bath’s most iconic landmarks, drawing visitors from around the world to marvel at its elegance and historical significance.

The Vision of John Wood, the Elder

The Circus was the brainchild of John Wood, the Elder, an architect with a grand vision for Bath. Inspired by the classical architecture of ancient Rome and convinced of Bath's historical significance as a center of Druid activity, Wood designed The Circus with a diameter of 318 feet, closely mimicking the diameter of Stonehenge. Unfortunately, Wood passed away just a few months after the first stone was laid, but his son, John Wood, the Younger, faithfully completed the project according to his father’s designs. The result was a stunning piece of urban design that has stood the test of time.

A Masterpiece of Georgian Architecture

The Circus is divided into three equal segments, each facing one of the three entrances, ensuring that a classical façade is always presented to the viewer. This thoughtful design creates a sense of symmetry and harmony, which is a hallmark of Georgian architecture. The townhouses themselves are adorned with three classical orders – Greek Doric, Roman/Composite, and Corinthian – stacked one above the other in the elegant curved facades. The frieze of the Doric entablature is particularly noteworthy, decorated with alternating triglyphs and 525 pictorial emblems. These emblems include serpents, nautical symbols, devices representing the arts and sciences, and Masonic symbols, reflecting Wood’s fascination with symbolism and classical motifs.

A Historic Landmark

The Circus has been home to many notable residents over the years. The renowned painter Thomas Gainsborough lived at Number 17 from 1758 to 1774, using part of the space as his portrait studio. Number 15 was the residence of Admiral Sir Richard Bickerton and his family in the first half of the 19th century. During the Bath Blitz of 25/26 April 1942, a bomb fell into The Circus, demolishing several houses. These have since been reconstructed in the original style, preserving the historical integrity of the site.

The Central Lawn and Plane Trees

At the heart of The Circus lies a central lawn, originally paved with stone setts covering a reservoir that supplied water to the houses. In 1800, the residents enclosed this open space, transforming it into a garden. Today, the central area is grassed over and home to a group of five large plane trees, believed to date back to around 1820. These trees add to the charm of The Circus, providing a green oasis in the midst of the city and contributing to its designation as a Grade I listed building.

A Symbolic Design

When viewed from the air, The Circus, along with Queen Square and the adjoining Gay Street, forms a key shape, a Masonic symbol similar to those that adorn many of Wood’s buildings. This aerial perspective reveals the thoughtful and symbolic nature of Wood’s design, further enhancing the allure of The Circus as a place of historical and architectural significance.

Exploring The Circus

Visiting The Circus is a journey back in time, offering a glimpse into the elegance and sophistication of Georgian Bath. As you stroll along the curved facades, take a moment to admire the intricate details of the stonework and the harmonious proportions of the buildings. The central lawn, with its majestic plane trees, provides a tranquil spot to sit and reflect on the history and beauty of the surroundings.

Conclusion

The Circus in Bath is more than just a collection of townhouses; it is a symbol of architectural brilliance and historical depth. Whether you are an architecture enthusiast, a history buff, or simply a curious traveler, The Circus offers a unique and enriching experience. Its timeless beauty and historical significance make it a must-visit destination in the charming city of Bath. So, take a leisurely stroll through this Georgian masterpiece and let the elegance of The Circus transport you to a bygone era of architectural grandeur and visionary design.