In the heart of Bern's Old City, a remarkable piece of history stands proudly on Gerechtigkeitsgasse: the Fountain of Justice, known locally as Gerechtigkeitsbrunnen. This 16th-century marvel is not just a fountain; it's a symbol of artistic excellence and historical significance, captivating visitors with its intricate design and profound symbolism.
Constructed in 1543, the Fountain of Justice has been a silent witness to the ebb and flow of Bernese history. It was built to complement an older well at the Nydegg and has retained its original design elements, making it unique among Bernese fountains. The fountain's name was first recorded in 1687, and it has undergone several renovations over the centuries, with notable updates in 1584, 1589, 1668, and 1687.
In 1798, the sword and balance, key features of the statue, were removed during the French invasion. These elements disappeared for years, only to be replaced in subsequent restorations. The statue itself was repainted in 1890 and 1925, ensuring its vibrant presence continued to shine in the cityscape.
At the heart of the fountain stands the majestic statue of Lady Justice, or Iustitia, sculpted by Hans Gieng. This life-sized figure is an embodiment of justice, portrayed with the traditional attributes: a sword in her right hand, a balance in her left, and a blindfold over her eyes. Her attire is a blend of antique and regal, featuring a golden suit of armor adorned with bas-relief arabesques, elegantly draped over her blue robes.
At her feet, four smaller busts represent the Four Earthly Powers: a Pope, an Emperor, a Sultan, and a Schultheiss. These figures, depicted with closed eyes, symbolize submission to the supremacy of Justice, echoing Renaissance humanism's depiction of different forms of government. This ensemble powerfully conveys the message that justice reigns supreme over all earthly authorities.
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The Fountain of Justice is more than just a beautiful piece of art; it is a profound statement on the nature of justice. The blindfolded Lady Justice was a novel concept at the time, symbolizing impartiality and equality before the law. This idea later became a universal symbol for justice worldwide.
Gieng's creation was so influential that it inspired similar fountains throughout Switzerland and beyond. By the mid-17th century, eleven fountains of Justice existed in Switzerland alone, with direct copies found in cities like Solothurn, Lausanne, and Neuchâtel. The Bernese statue's influence extended to designs in Aarau, Biel, Burgdorf, Brugg, Zürich, and Lucerne.
In a dramatic turn of events, the original statue was largely destroyed in 1986 by vandals, believed to be linked to the Groupe Bélier, a militant group advocating for Jurassic separatism. This act of destruction was part of a broader campaign to express dissatisfaction with political decisions affecting the Jura region. The damaged statue has since been restored and is housed in the city's historical museum, while a faithful replica has stood in its place since 1988.
Today, the Fountain of Justice remains a must-see attraction for visitors to Bern. Its octagonal main basin, crafted from unadorned limestone plates, is a testament to the craftsmanship of its time. The fountain's central pedestal, replaced in 1949, supports the elegant stone pillar adorned with an acanthus frieze, creating a harmonious blend of form and function.
As you stand before this magnificent fountain, it's easy to feel the weight of history and the enduring power of justice. The fountain not only serves as a reminder of Bern's rich cultural heritage but also as a symbol of the city's commitment to fairness and equality.
The Fountain of Justice is more than just a historical monument; it is a living symbol of the ideals that have shaped Bern and Switzerland as a whole. Its presence in the heart of the city continues to inspire and remind us of the timeless principles of justice and equality. Whether you're a history enthusiast, an art lover, or simply a curious traveler, a visit to the Fountain of Justice offers a unique glimpse into the past and a reflection on the values that continue to guide us today.
In conclusion, the Fountain of Justice is a jewel in Bern's architectural crown, offering a captivating blend of history, art, and symbolism. Its story is one of resilience and restoration, echoing the enduring spirit of justice that transcends time and place. As you explore Bern's charming streets, let this iconic fountain be a highlight of your journey, a testament to the power of justice and the beauty of human creativity.
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