Zytglogge

In the heart of Bern, Switzerland, stands the Zytglogge, a medieval marvel that has witnessed the evolution of the city for over eight centuries. This iconic tower, with its rich history and stunning astronomical clock, is a testament to Bern's architectural prowess and cultural heritage. As one of the city's most recognizable symbols, the Zytglogge offers visitors a glimpse into the past and an unforgettable experience in the present.

The Historical Significance of Zytglogge

The Zytglogge, which translates to time bell in English, was originally constructed between 1218 and 1220. Initially serving as the gate tower for Bern's western fortifications, it marked the city's boundary during its early expansion. At that time, the tower was a modest 16 meters tall. However, as the city grew and its defenses extended further west, the Zytglogge was relegated to a secondary position and was subsequently heightened by 7 meters to overlook the surrounding houses.

In the mid-14th century, the Zytglogge was converted into a women's prison, housing women convicted of illicit relations with clerics. This period also saw the addition of its first slanted roof. However, the tower's fate took a dramatic turn in 1405 when a great fire ravaged Bern, leaving the Zytglogge severely damaged. The ensuing reconstruction efforts led to the installation of the tower's first clock, which included an astronomical clock and a musical mechanism, giving the Zytglogge its name.

Throughout the late 15th and early 16th centuries, the Zytglogge underwent several enhancements and renovations. The tower was adorned with decorative elements, including a new lantern, corner towerlets, and heraldic decorations. The astronomical clock was also expanded to its current form. In the late 18th century, the Zytglogge was refurbished in the Baroque style, giving it the appearance we see today.

Exploring the Zytglogge

Visitors to the Zytglogge are treated to a journey through time, exploring the tower's various roles and transformations over the centuries. The tower stands at an impressive height of 54.5 meters, with its rectangular floor plan measuring 11.2 by 10.75 meters. The exterior is a blend of alpine limestone and sandstone, with decorative fixtures and a sweeping red-tiled Gothic spire.

One of the most captivating features of the Zytglogge is its astronomical clock. This intricate timepiece, built in the form of an astrolabe, displays the time of day, the phases of the moon, and the position of the zodiac. The clock's principal hand indicates the time on an outer ring of 24 Roman numerals, while a smaller hand shows the minutes on an inner ring. The clock's design also includes a planisphere divided into zones representing the night sky, dawn, and daylight, adorned with golden lines indicating the horizon, dawn, and temporal hours.

The Zytglogge's clockwork also controls the movements of a gilded figure of Chronos, the Greek personification of time, who strikes the hour bell with a large hammer. This figure, known as Hans von Thann to the locals, has been a fixture of the tower since the renewal of the astronomical clock in 1530. The hour bell, cast in 1405, has a diameter of 127 centimeters and weighs 1,400 kilograms. It rings out every full hour, accompanied by the smaller quarter-hour bell, which was cast in 1887.

The Clock Faces and Façade Decorations

The Zytglogge's eastern and western façades are dominated by large clock faces, each with its own unique charm. The eastern clock face features an outer ring of golden Roman numerals and an inner ring for the minutes. The hour hand is adorned with a golden sun that always faces up. The western clock face is part of Victor Surbek's 1929 fresco Beginning of Time, which depicts Chronos swooping down with Adam and Eve's eviction from Paradise below the clock face.

Above the astronomical clock, a painted frieze showcases five classical deities, each representing a day of the week and a planet according to Ptolemaic cosmology. From left to right, these deities are Saturn with a sickle and club for Saturday, Jupiter with thunderbolts for Thursday, Mars with a sword and shield for Tuesday, Venus with Cupid for Friday, and Mercury with a staff and bag for Wednesday.

A Living Monument

The Zytglogge is not just a historical relic but a living monument that continues to play a vital role in Bern's urban life. Its bells ring out every hour, marking the passage of time for the city's residents and visitors. During the advent season and from Easter until the end of October, the tower is illuminated after dusk, adding a magical touch to Bern's skyline.

In conclusion, the Zytglogge is a must-visit landmark for anyone exploring Bern. Its rich history, architectural beauty, and intricate clockwork make it a fascinating destination that offers a unique glimpse into the city's past. Whether you're a history enthusiast, an architecture lover, or simply a curious traveler, the Zytglogge promises an unforgettable experience that will leave you in awe of Bern's heritage and ingenuity.