Rathaus Bochum

In the heart of the Ruhr area, the city of Bochum boasts an architectural gem that stands as a testament to its rich history and cultural heritage: the Rathaus Bochum. This grand town hall is not just an administrative building but a symbol of the city's resilience, growth, and artistic prowess. The Rathaus Bochum is a must-visit for anyone interested in the intricate tapestry of German history and architecture.

The History of Rathaus Bochum

The origins of Bochum's town halls trace back to the old market square, where the first structures were erected. The third town hall, built in 1696, stood where the Kuhhirten monument is today. As Bochum evolved into a bustling industrial hub, the need for a larger administrative building became apparent. The city made do with temporary solutions until the late 19th century, when the administration settled in the former Hotel Soedinger Hof on Alleestraße. This building saw expansions in 1894, but the rapid growth of the city soon rendered it insufficient.

In 1925, after several failed attempts and architectural competitions, the renowned architect Karl Roth was commissioned to design a new town hall. Roth, known for his work on town halls in Dresden, Kassel, and Barmen, envisioned a timeless structure inspired by the Spanish Renaissance. Construction began in 1926, and the foundation stone was laid on July 12, 1927, amidst much fanfare. By May 1931, the Rathaus Bochum was ready to open its doors, marking a new chapter in the city's history.

Architectural Marvel

The Rathaus Bochum is a striking example of modern office architecture wrapped in the historical guise of a Spanish monastery. The building's symmetrical layout, topped with a high-pitched roof, reaches approximately 35 meters in height. The exterior is understated, with the main entrance and a two-story portico on the right side serving as the only decorative elements. The façade is constructed from shell limestone, and the roof is covered in slate in the traditional German style.

Inside, the town hall is a treasure trove of artistic and architectural details. The building features 300 offices, 20 meeting rooms, and 180 additional rooms, all adorned with marble, copper, bronze, and dark wood paneling. Renowned artists such as August Vogel, Paul Wynand, Richard Langer, Richard Guhr, and Augusto Varnesi contributed to the building's bronze sculptures, wrought-iron grilles, and masterful stone carvings.

The Inner Courtyard and Its Treasures

The inner courtyard, measuring 40 by 46 meters, is completely enclosed by the building. At its heart lies the council chamber, restored in 1951 by architect Ferdinand Keilmann, flanked by two smaller courtyards. These courtyards house a carillon and two fountains, known as the Fountain of Beauty and the Fountain of Happiness, both crafted from travertine and bronze by August Vogel. The Fountain of Happiness features four putti, each symbolizing different aspects of joy: marital bliss, fertility, optimism, and illusion.

The original carillon, cast in bronze by the Kurtz company of Stuttgart, was considered one of Germany's finest. After the war, the Bochumer Verein recast the carillon in cast steel, making it the world's first of its kind. The carillon, with its 28 bells weighing between 4 and 375 kilograms, continues to enchant visitors with its melodic chimes.

War and Reconstruction

The Rathaus Bochum did not escape the ravages of World War II unscathed. The building suffered significant damage during the bombings of 1943 and 1944, with the roof, upper floors, and council chamber taking direct hits. Despite these setbacks, the town hall was not completely destroyed, and reconstruction efforts began shortly after the war. By 1951, the council chamber was restored, and the roof and upper floors were rebuilt to their current height by 1962.

The town hall continued to evolve, with additional buildings constructed in the 1980s and further renovations in the 2000s. The most recent refurbishment of the east wing, completed in 2021, included a new main entrance beneath the balcony, ensuring that the Rathaus Bochum remains a functional and modern administrative center.

Memorials and Symbols

The Rathaus Bochum also serves as a poignant reminder of the city's turbulent history. In front of the building, a Stolperstein commemorates Dr. Otto Ruer, the Jewish mayor who was driven to suicide by the Nazis. The town hall's grandeur, once criticized by the Nazis as extravagant, was later celebrated by the regime in their architectural descriptions.

Another notable feature is the giant bell displayed in front of the Rathaus. Cast by the Bochumer Verein, this bell was an attraction at the 1867 Paris World's Fair. Although it can no longer be rung due to wartime damage, it stands as a testament to Bochum's industrial heritage.

A Living Monument

Today, the Rathaus Bochum is more than just a historical building; it is a living monument that continues to serve the city's administrative needs while preserving its rich heritage. Visitors can explore the town hall's many rooms, admire the artistic details, and reflect on the city's history. The building's blend of modern functionality and historical charm makes it a unique and captivating destination for tourists and locals alike.

In conclusion, the Rathaus Bochum is a symbol of the city's resilience and growth. Its walls tell the story of a city that has weathered the storms of history and emerged stronger and more vibrant. A visit to this architectural masterpiece offers a glimpse into Bochum's past, present, and future, making it an essential stop on any tour of the Ruhr area.