Brunswick Lion

Standing proudly in the heart of Brunswick, Germany, the Brunswick Lion (Braunschweiger Löwe) is a testament to the city’s rich medieval heritage and the enduring legacy of Duke Henry the Lion. This imposing bronze sculpture, which dates back to the second half of the 12th century, is not just a symbol of Brunswick but also a remarkable piece of medieval art that has stood the test of time.

The History of the Brunswick Lion

The story of the Brunswick Lion begins with its creator, Duke Henry the Lion, a powerful and influential figure in medieval Germany. Henry, who was Duke of Saxony from 1142 and Duke of Bavaria from 1156, chose Brunswick as his residence around 1165. This decision significantly boosted the city’s prominence. To symbolize his power and authority, Henry commissioned the creation of the Brunswick Lion, which was erected between 1164 and 1181 on the Burgplatz, in front of Dankwarderode Castle and Brunswick Cathedral.

The lion, cast in bronze, weighs a hefty 880 kilograms and stands at an impressive height of 1.78 meters with a length of 2.79 meters. Its creation marked a significant achievement in medieval sculpture, as it was one of the first large-scale freestanding bronze sculptures in northern Europe. The lion’s design is believed to have been influenced by notable classical sculptures such as the Capitoline Wolf and the Lion of Saint Mark in Venice, which Henry might have encountered during his travels in Italy.

The Significance of the Brunswick Lion

The Brunswick Lion was more than just a decorative piece; it was a potent symbol of Henry the Lion’s rule and his aspirations. The lion, a creature often associated with strength and nobility, was a fitting representation of Henry’s own ambitions and his desire to project his power. The lion’s presence on the Burgplatz, a central and highly visible location, reinforced Henry’s dominance and the city’s importance.

Throughout the centuries, the Brunswick Lion has witnessed numerous historical events and undergone various restorations. It stood on two low columns until 1616 when Duke Frederick Ulrich of Brunswick ordered the construction of a new pedestal and added a sandstone plaque commemorating the restoration. The original plaque is now housed in the Städtisches Museum Braunschweig, with a replica placed on the pedestal in 1858.

Restoration and Preservation

The Brunswick Lion has been meticulously maintained over the years, with several significant restoration efforts ensuring its preservation. Notably, in 1858, the bronze sculpture underwent extensive restoration in the workshop of Brunswick bronze caster Georg Ferdinand Howaldt. During this process, the pedestal was completely dismantled and rebuilt, and traces of the lion’s original gilding were discovered, hinting at its once resplendent appearance.

One of the most dramatic episodes in the lion’s history occurred during World War II. In 1943, as Brunswick faced increasing bombing raids, the city’s conservator, Kurt Seeleke, orchestrated a daring operation to safeguard the lion. Without informing the Nazi authorities, Seeleke replaced the original lion with a replica and secretly transported the original to a mine in Rammelsberg near Goslar. There, it was hidden in a remote part of the mine and walled up to protect it from potential destruction. The original Brunswick Lion remained hidden until October 23, 1945, when it was finally returned to Brunswick.

Visiting the Brunswick Lion

Today, the Brunswick Lion stands proudly on the Burgplatz, continuing to draw visitors from around the world. Its imposing presence and historical significance make it a must-see for anyone visiting Brunswick. The lion’s detailed craftsmanship, particularly its finely chiselled mane and lifelike features, is a testament to the skill of the medieval artisans who created it.

As you stand before the Brunswick Lion, take a moment to reflect on the centuries of history it has witnessed. From its creation as a symbol of ducal power to its dramatic rescue during the war, the lion embodies the resilience and enduring spirit of Brunswick. The surrounding Burgplatz, with the majestic Dankwarderode Castle and the Brunswick Cathedral, provides a fitting backdrop to this iconic sculpture, offering a glimpse into the city’s storied past.

The Brunswick Lion in Modern Times

The Brunswick Lion continues to be a symbol of the city, appearing in various forms of media and cultural representations. Its image is a reminder of Brunswick’s medieval heritage and its significance in the broader history of Germany. The lion’s story, from its creation to its preservation, is a narrative of power, art, and resilience that continues to inspire and captivate.

In conclusion, the Brunswick Lion is not just a historical monument but a living symbol of Brunswick’s rich past and enduring legacy. Its presence on the Burgplatz serves as a powerful reminder of the city’s importance in medieval Germany and the remarkable achievements of its people. A visit to Brunswick would be incomplete without experiencing the grandeur and history of the Brunswick Lion, a true masterpiece of medieval art.