Dankwarderode Castle

Dankwarderode Castle, known locally as Burg Dankwarderode, stands as a testament to the rich history and architectural splendor of Brunswick (Braunschweig), Germany. This historic fortress, located on Burgplatz, has witnessed centuries of transformation, from its early medieval origins to its current role as part of the Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum. A visit to Dankwarderode Castle is not just a journey through architectural marvels but also a dive into the heart of Brunswick's storied past.

The Medieval Origins of Dankwarderode Castle

The origins of Dankwarderode Castle date back to the 11th century when it was first mentioned as castrum Tanquarderoth. Initially, it was a fortified residence for the Brunonian counts, with evidence of a settlement layer from the second half of the 9th century. By the 10th century, a fortification wall had been constructed, later strengthened with a stone wall after a fire in the early 11th century.

In the mid-12th century, Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, rebuilt the castle as his residence, transforming it into a palatial complex inspired by the Imperial Palace of Goslar. The castle included a two-story palas with a double chapel and direct access to the nearby St. Blasius Cathedral, which was under construction at the time. The ground floor of the palas featured a heated floor, an architectural innovation of its time.

From Renaissance to the 19th Century

After a devastating fire in the mid-16th century, the original palas was not repaired due to strained relations between the city and the Welf house. The castle's walls were dismantled in the 1580s, and the palas was reconstructed in the Renaissance style between 1616 and 1640. Over the centuries, the castle's other structures fell into disrepair and were eventually demolished. By the late 18th century, the castle moat was filled in, and the site was repurposed for new constructions.

In the early 19th century, the palas served various functions, including as a barracks. After a fire in 1873, plans to demolish the remaining structures were thwarted by public protests, leading to the city's acquisition of the ruins in 1878.

Reconstruction and Modern Era

The palas was meticulously reconstructed between 1887 and 1906 by city architect Ludwig Winter, funded by Prince Albrecht. Winter's reconstruction efforts were based on extensive archaeological research, preserving the medieval layout as much as possible. The result is a neo-Romanesque building that includes original medieval elements, such as the columned arcade on the ground floor and the Romanesque windows of the knight's hall.

The two-story hall building, measuring 15 by 42 meters, comprises the 'Knappensaal' on the ground floor and the 'Rittersaal' on the upper floor. The Rittersaal was elaborately decorated by court painter Adolf Quensen. During World War II, the castle sustained significant damage, but post-war restorations ensured its survival.

Exploring Dankwarderode Castle Today

Today, Dankwarderode Castle is an integral part of the Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum, housing its medieval collection. Visitors can explore the 'Knappensaal,' which features medieval artifacts, including the original Brunswick Lion from the 12th century and Emperor Otto IV's cloak. The 'Rittersaal,' restored in the early 1990s, is used for events and exhibitions, although it is not open for regular tours.

Adjacent to the Rittersaal, two open fireplaces with columns made of rare aqueduct marble add to the castle's unique charm. The castle's exterior, with its neo-Romanesque facade and historical elements, offers a glimpse into its storied past and architectural evolution.

The Brunswick Lion and Burgplatz

No visit to Dankwarderode Castle is complete without admiring the Brunswick Lion, a bronze statue that stands proudly on Burgplatz. Cast in the 12th century, it symbolizes the power and prestige of Henry the Lion. The statue has become an emblem of Brunswick, reflecting the city's medieval heritage and its role in regional history.

Burgplatz, the square surrounding the castle, is a vibrant area that offers picturesque views of the castle and St. Blasius Cathedral. The square often hosts events and markets, adding to the lively atmosphere and making it a perfect spot for visitors to soak in the historical ambiance.

Conclusion

Dankwarderode Castle is more than just a historical monument; it is a symbol of Brunswick's rich and varied past. From its medieval origins to its Renaissance transformations and modern restorations, the castle stands as a testament to the city's resilience and architectural prowess. Whether you are a history enthusiast or a casual visitor, a trip to Dankwarderode Castle promises a captivating journey through time, offering insights into the lives of dukes, knights, and the vibrant history of Brunswick.