Well of Moses

The Well of Moses, known locally as Puits de Moïse, is a breathtaking remnant of a grand calvary that once stood at the heart of the Carthusian monastery of Champmol in Dijon, France. This extraordinary monument, commissioned by Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, is a masterpiece of Gothic sculpture and a precursor to Renaissance art, created by the renowned Dutch sculptor Claus Sluter and his nephew Claus de Werve. Nestled within the serene grounds of the specialized hospital center in Dijon, the Well of Moses continues to captivate visitors with its detailed craftsmanship and historical significance.

A Ducal Commission

In 1378, Philip the Bold acquired the Champmol estate on the outskirts of Dijon and founded a Carthusian monastery there in 1385. The duke envisioned this monastery as his final resting place, investing substantial resources into its construction and embellishment. Central to the monastery's grand cloister, which traditionally featured a well and a calvary, was the Well of Moses. The duke entrusted the creation of this monumental piece to his sculpture workshop, led by Claus Sluter, who had previously crafted the statues for the chapel's portal and the duke's tomb.

The Creation Process

The meticulous work on the Well of Moses began in 1396 and continued until 1405. The upper part of the calvary was completed first, followed by the sculpting of the hexagonal pedestal and the prophets. Sluter, with the assistance of his nephew Claus de Werve and other skilled artisans, brought the figures to life with remarkable realism and detail. The polychromy, or painting, of the sculptures was entrusted to Jean Malouel, the duke's official painter, who enhanced the stone with vibrant colors and gilding.

A Masterpiece of Gothic Sculpture

The Well of Moses stands approximately seven meters tall, with a hexagonal base supporting the monument. Six life-sized statues of Old Testament prophets—Moses, David, Jeremiah, Zechariah, Daniel, and Isaiah—adorn the upper part, each placed within a shallow niche. These figures are separated by angels, whose delicate wings and serene expressions add to the monument's ethereal beauty. The prophets are depicted with scrolls bearing inscriptions, symbolizing the connection between the Old and New Testaments.

The Prophets

Each prophet is rendered with striking individuality and detail, showcasing Sluter's mastery of naturalism. Moses, the central figure, is depicted with the Tablets of the Law, his face exuding wisdom and authority. David, the warrior-king, holds a harp, symbolizing his psalms. Jeremiah, known for his prophecies of doom, is portrayed with a scroll, his expression one of contemplation. Zechariah, with his flowing robes and thoughtful gaze, stands alongside Daniel, who is depicted with a lion, referencing his biblical ordeal. Isaiah, the prophet of salvation, completes the ensemble with a look of serene confidence.

Symbolism and Legacy

The Well of Moses is rich in symbolism, reflecting the Carthusian order's spiritual themes and the duke's political aspirations. The monument served as a visual representation of the duke's piety and his connection to divine authority. Over the centuries, the Well of Moses has inspired numerous artists and has been replicated in various forms, cementing its status as a pivotal work in the history of art.

Preservation and Restoration

The Well of Moses has faced its share of challenges over the centuries. The upper part of the calvary was destroyed in the 18th century, leaving only the lower section with the prophets. During the French Revolution, the monastery was sold, and the site underwent various transformations. In the 19th century, the monument was classified as a historic monument and underwent restoration efforts. A significant restoration project between 2001 and 2003 revealed the original polychromy, bringing new appreciation for the monument's vibrant colors and intricate details.

Visiting the Well of Moses

Today, the Well of Moses is housed within a protective structure that allows visitors to admire its beauty up close. The monument is accessible year-round, offering a unique glimpse into the artistic and spiritual heritage of medieval Burgundy. As you stand before the Well of Moses, you can almost hear the whispers of history and feel the presence of the great minds who crafted this enduring testament to faith and artistry.

The Well of Moses is not just a relic of the past; it is a living piece of history that continues to inspire and awe those who encounter it. Whether you are an art enthusiast, a history buff, or simply a curious traveler, a visit to this remarkable monument is sure to leave a lasting impression.