In the heart of Dordrecht, a city rich with history and charm, stands a magnificent testament to the architectural grandeur of the Dutch Golden Age: De Onbeschaamde. This historically significant building, located at Wijnstraat 123, is an emblem of the opulence and artistry that characterized the 17th century. Its name, intriguingly translating to The Unashamed, hints at the boldness and elegance that await within its walls.
The story of De Onbeschaamde begins in 1650 when Abraham van Beveren, a prominent mayor of Dordrecht, commissioned the construction of this grand residence. The site was originally occupied by three medieval buildings, which were meticulously dismantled to make way for Van Beveren's ambitious project. The construction was a reflection of Van Beveren's rising political stature, as he had been appointed to the College of Deputed Councillors of Holland in that same year.
The design of De Onbeschaamde is attributed to two renowned architects of the era, Arent van 's-Gravesande and Pieter Post, who were possibly engaged in a friendly competition to create the most exquisite design. The ultimate execution of the building was overseen by Maarten Gillesz van der Pijpen, a former city architect of Dordrecht. Despite the luxurious plans for marble fireplaces, budgetary constraints led to their completion in oak, save for one.
Visitors to De Onbeschaamde are immediately struck by its impressive façade, which is reminiscent of a Roman or Greek temple. The pilaster façade is adorned with Corinthian columns and a striking pediment featuring a putto, a cherubic figure holding the coats of arms of the Van Beveren and Ruysch families. This playful yet bold embellishment is the source of the building's whimsical name, as the putto gazes unabashedly at passersby.
The interior of De Onbeschaamde has been lovingly preserved and restored over the centuries, maintaining much of its original layout. The house boasts an array of period features, including intricate woodwork by Asarias Maertens and exquisite carvings by Claes Janse. The ceilings, originally adorned with painted panels, offer a glimpse into the artistic tastes of the 17th century.
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Throughout its history, De Onbeschaamde has undergone several transformations, each reflective of the prevailing architectural styles of the time. In the early 18th century, the house was redecorated in the Louis XIV style, and later, in the Louis XV style during the mid-18th century. This latter renovation was commissioned by Johanna Everwijn and her husband Adriaan Stoop, who inherited the property in 1745. The couple's modifications included the addition of paintings by Aart Schouman, which still grace the walls today.
In the late 19th century, the building was modernized once more, with updates to the windows and steps. The last resident to use De Onbeschaamde as a private home was J.M. Reus, who introduced modern conveniences such as gas, water, and telephone connections.
In the 20th century, De Onbeschaamde transitioned from a private residence to a commercial property. In 1910, it was acquired by François Herman van Gijn on behalf of the firm Hooghwinkel & Co. Architect Bernardus van Bilderbeek was tasked with converting the building into office space, and while some original features were removed and auctioned, the essence of the building remained intact.
In 1994, the building was purchased by the Vereniging Hendrick de Keyser, a society dedicated to preserving historic buildings in the Netherlands. A comprehensive restoration was undertaken in 1996-97, ensuring that De Onbeschaamde was returned to its former glory while preserving its historical integrity.
The architectural splendor of De Onbeschaamde is not limited to its façade. Inside, visitors can explore rooms that have retained their original 17th-century layout, complete with decorative elements that span the centuries. The right front room, for instance, still features its original built-in cabinets, while the grand staircase showcases a blend of wood and wrought iron, adorned with leaf motifs.
The kitchen, a relic of the 1757-58 renovation, is a marvel in itself, with its marble countertops and towering cabinets. The walls are lined with witjes, or white glazed tiles, adding to the room's historical charm.
De Onbeschaamde is more than just a building; it is a living testament to the rich history and cultural heritage of Dordrecht. Its walls have witnessed centuries of change, from the political ambitions of its original owner to the artistic endeavors of its later inhabitants. Today, it stands as a beacon of architectural beauty and historical significance, inviting visitors to step back in time and experience the grandeur of the Dutch Golden Age.
Whether you are an architecture enthusiast, a history buff, or simply a curious traveler, a visit to De Onbeschaamde is an unforgettable journey into the heart of Dordrecht's past. Its timeless elegance and captivating history make it a must-see destination for anyone exploring this charming Dutch city.
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