Situated in the heart of Exeter, the Devon County War Memorial stands as a poignant tribute to the brave souls who sacrificed their lives during the First and Second World Wars. Designed by the renowned architect Sir Edwin Lutyens, this memorial is a testament to both the architectural prowess of its creator and the enduring spirit of those it commemorates.
Following the devastation of the First World War, communities across Britain sought to honor their fallen. In Devon, the initial proposal was to complete a cloister in Exeter Cathedral dedicated to the war dead. However, due to financial constraints, this plan was abandoned. Instead, the Devon County War Memorial Committee commissioned Lutyens to design a war cross, a decision that led to the creation of one of the most significant memorials in the region.
The memorial was unveiled on May 16, 1921, by Edward, Prince of Wales, amidst a large gathering of local residents and dignitaries. The ceremony was a momentous occasion, reflecting the collective grief and pride of the community. Lutyens' design, characterized by its simplicity and elegance, was intended to be a lasting tribute, a sentiment he expressed by saying, It should endure forever.
The Devon County War Memorial is a striking example of Lutyens' war cross design. Standing at 9.1 meters tall, the cross is carved from a single block of granite sourced from Haytor on Dartmoor. The material choice is significant, as Dartmoor granite is known for its durability and strength, symbolizing the resilience and steadfastness of those it honors.
The cross features a tapered, hexagonal shaft with chamfered arms near the top, all resting on a three-tiered base. This base, in turn, sits on three stone steps, a common feature in Lutyens' war memorials. The middle tier of the base bears the inscription: THE COUNTY OF DEVON TO HER GLORIOUS DEAD / 1914–1919 / TE DEUM LAUDAMUS / 1939–1945. This simple yet powerful message serves as a reminder of the sacrifices made during both World Wars.
The memorial's location on Cathedral Green, directly west of Exeter Cathedral, was carefully chosen to enhance its visibility and significance. It aligns with the cathedral's altar, creating a visual and symbolic connection between the sacred space and the memorial. This alignment emphasizes the solemnity of the site and its role as a place of reflection and remembrance.
In the 1970s, archaeological excavations around the Cathedral Green uncovered the remains of Roman buildings, including baths. These discoveries led to the redesign of the area, incorporating a processional way between the memorial and the cathedral. This pathway, designed by Geoffrey Alan Jellicoe, consists of a series of broad, shallow steps leading to a platform at the memorial, reinforcing the connection between the two structures.
The Devon County War Memorial is more than just a physical structure; it is a symbol of collective memory and respect. During its unveiling, Lord Fortescue estimated that 11,600 men and women from Devon had lost their lives in the First World War. Their names were recorded on a roll of honor, with copies placed in the cathedral, the county council, and within the memorial itself.
The memorial also honors those who served in the Second World War, with the dates 1939-1945 added to the inscription in 1979. This addition ensures that the sacrifices of a later generation are also remembered and respected.
Today, the Devon County War Memorial remains a focal point for remembrance ceremonies, particularly on Armistice Day and Remembrance Sunday. Visitors to Exeter should take the time to visit this poignant site, not only to appreciate its architectural beauty but also to reflect on the profound sacrifices it commemorates.
Standing in the shadow of Exeter Cathedral, the memorial offers a place of quiet contemplation amidst the bustle of the city. The surrounding Cathedral Green provides a serene setting, allowing visitors to pause and pay their respects. Whether you are a history enthusiast, an architecture aficionado, or simply someone wishing to honor the memory of those who served, the Devon County War Memorial is a must-visit landmark in Exeter.
In conclusion, the Devon County War Memorial is a powerful reminder of the cost of war and the enduring spirit of those who gave their lives for their country. Its elegant design, historical significance, and serene location make it a fitting tribute to the fallen and a place of reflection for all who visit.
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