Citadel of Huy

Perched majestically on a hill overlooking the serene Meuse River, the Citadel of Huy, known locally as Fort van Hoei, stands as a testament to Belgium's rich history and resilience. This imposing fortress, with its robust stone walls and strategic vantage point, offers a captivating glimpse into the past and a panoramic view of the picturesque town of Huy.

The Historical Significance of the Citadel of Huy

The Citadel of Huy's story begins in the early 19th century, but its roots dig much deeper into history. The present structure was built from 1818 to 1823 under the reign of King William I of the Netherlands. This period followed the Congress of Vienna in 1814, which recognized the strategic importance of the Meuse valley. The fort was constructed on the site of an ancient castle known as the Tchestia, which was one of the four wonders of Huy.

The first stone of the current citadel was laid by Lieutenant-Colonel Heimerick Camerlingh on April 6, 1818. The construction, based on Camerlingh's plans and supervised by Captain Engineer Johannes Allatus Anemaet, took five years to complete. The design of the citadel reflected the military architecture of the time, emphasizing both defense and control over the surrounding area.

A Fortress with Multiple Roles

Interestingly, the Citadel of Huy never saw active military combat. Instead, it served various roles throughout its history. In 1848, it became a political prison for the republicans of the Risquons-tout uprising. After Belgium gained independence, the citadel was handed over to the city of Huy in 1876 and later reacquired by the Belgian state in 1880. During World War I, it was integrated into the Meuse defense system and used as a disciplinary camp by the Germans.

Following World War I, the citadel housed Russian prisoners and later served as a regimental school for the 14th Line Regiment. By 1932, it had opened its doors to tourists, offering a stunning view of Huy and the surrounding countryside.

The Citadel During World War II

World War II marked a dark chapter in the citadel's history. In 1939, German soldiers who had crossed the Belgian border were interned here. On May 10, 1940, the citadel was attacked by the Germans to free their captured comrades, but the prisoners had already been relocated. Subsequently, the citadel was used by the Germans as an internment center for political prisoners and hostages. The administration was under the control of the Wehrmacht, led by Commandant Frimberger.

Throughout the war, over 6,500 patriots were interned at the citadel for various reasons, including resistance activities, black market dealings, and refusal to comply with compulsory labor. The interned included people of different nationalities, such as English prisoners, French strikers, and Russians. From September 22, 1941, the citadel also served as a transit camp for deportees heading to concentration camps, primarily Vught and Neuengamme. Fortunately, no executions took place within the citadel itself, although many were transferred elsewhere for execution.

After the liberation, the citadel briefly became an internment center for collaborators before transitioning back to a tourist attraction.

The Citadel Today

Today, the Citadel of Huy stands as a poignant reminder of the past and a symbol of endurance. In 1992, a Museum of the Resistance and Concentration Camps was established within its walls, providing visitors with a solemn and educational experience. The museum chronicles the stories of those who suffered and fought during the war, preserving their memory for future generations.

From 1957 to 2012, a cable car offered a bird's-eye view of the town and a unique perspective of the citadel. Although the cable car ceased operations after an accident in 2012, plans are underway for its rehabilitation, with a reopening scheduled for April 28, 2024. The new cable car promises to enhance the visitor experience, providing easy access to the citadel and breathtaking views of the Meuse valley.

Visiting the Citadel of Huy

For those planning a visit, the Citadel of Huy offers a blend of history, architecture, and natural beauty. As you explore the fortress, you'll encounter remnants of its storied past, from the thick stone walls and fortified gates to the museum exhibits that bring history to life. The panoramic views from the citadel are nothing short of spectacular, offering a sweeping vista of Huy and the surrounding landscape.

Whether you're a history enthusiast, a casual tourist, or someone seeking a deeper understanding of Belgium's wartime experiences, the Citadel of Huy provides a compelling and enriching destination. Its walls echo with the stories of the past, inviting visitors to step back in time and reflect on the resilience of those who came before.