Perched on the serene slopes of La Chaux-de-Fonds, Villa Jeanneret-Perret, also known locally as Maison Blanche, stands as a beacon of architectural innovation and historical significance. This remarkable villa, crafted by the legendary architect Le Corbusier, offers a glimpse into the early genius of a man who would go on to revolutionize modern architecture. Completed in 1912, this villa was Le Corbusier’s first independent project, designed for his parents, and it remains a testament to his evolving architectural vision.
Villa Jeanneret-Perret is more than just a beautiful building; it is a piece of architectural history. Charles-Édouard Jeanneret, who would later be known as Le Corbusier, began his architectural journey in La Chaux-de-Fonds, his birthplace. After studying at the École d'art appliqué and being influenced by his mentor Charles L'Eplattenier, Le Corbusier opened his own architectural office in 1912. At just 25 years old, he set out to create a home for his parents that would break away from the regional Art Nouveau style, known as Style sapin, and incorporate elements from his travels and experiences in Europe and the Orient.
Villa Jeanneret-Perret is a striking example of early 20th-century architecture, combining neo-classical elements with innovative design features that would later define Le Corbusier’s purist style. The villa’s design reflects his exposure to the architectural traditions of the Mediterranean and his interactions with modernist masters like Auguste Perret and Peter Behrens. The villa features hallmark elements that would become synonymous with Le Corbusier’s work, such as ribbon windows, a flat roof terrace, and a carefully orchestrated architectural promenade.
One of the villa’s most distinctive features is its layout. Le Corbusier designed the villa as a “small Parthenon” for his mother, positioning it on a raised platform that commands attention. The path leading up to the villa is intentionally winding, reminiscent of the approach to the ancient Greek temples that so inspired the young architect during his Grand Tour. This pathway not only enhances the villa’s visual impact but also prepares visitors for the architectural experience that awaits them.
Inside, Villa Jeanneret-Perret is a masterclass in spatial organization and functional design. The central living room, designed as a music room for Le Corbusier’s mother, who was a music teacher, is a testament to his ability to blend aesthetics with functionality. Four structural columns define the space, creating a sense of order and harmony. The grand piano, placed at the intersection of the room’s orthogonal axes, serves as the focal point, emphasizing the importance of music in the Jeanneret household.
The villa’s interior also features an “abside” or apse-like dining room extension, which further showcases Le Corbusier’s innovative approach to traditional domestic spaces. The thoughtful arrangement of rooms and the integration of custom-designed furniture, some of which is now housed in the Museum of Fine Arts in La Chaux-de-Fonds, highlight the architect’s meticulous attention to detail and his commitment to creating a harmonious living environment.
From 1912 to 1917, Le Corbusier himself lived and worked intermittently in Villa Jeanneret-Perret, further embedding his personal touch into the villa’s history. However, by 1919, financial constraints forced the Jeanneret family to sell the villa. Over the decades, the villa changed hands several times, each owner preserving its architectural integrity. In 2000, a dedicated association purchased the villa, undertaking extensive restorations to return it to its original splendor. In 2005, Villa Jeanneret-Perret was opened to the public, allowing visitors to explore this architectural gem.
Today, Villa Jeanneret-Perret stands as a cultural landmark and a testament to Le Corbusier’s early architectural prowess. Visitors are invited to step back in time and experience the villa’s unique blend of classical and modernist elements. The villa’s serene setting, surrounded by lush greenery, offers a tranquil escape from the hustle and bustle of modern life.
As you wander through the villa, you’ll be captivated by its timeless elegance and the innovative spirit that permeates every corner. The carefully restored interiors, complete with period furnishings and original design elements, provide a fascinating insight into the early 20th-century lifestyle and the visionary mind of Le Corbusier.
Villa Jeanneret-Perret is more than just a historic house; it is a living museum that celebrates the genius of one of the greatest architects of the 20th century. Whether you’re an architecture enthusiast, a history buff, or simply a curious traveler, a visit to Villa Jeanneret-Perret promises to be an unforgettable experience. Discover the roots of modern architecture and immerse yourself in the world of Le Corbusier at this remarkable villa in La Chaux-de-Fonds.
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