Anxanum

In the heart of Italy, nestled in the Abruzzo region, lies the enchanting town of Lanciano, historically known as Anxanum. This ancient city, with its rich tapestry of history, mythology, and culture, offers a captivating journey through time. Lanciano's roots trace back to the Italic tribe of the Frentani, and its historical significance is woven into the very fabric of its streets, buildings, and landscapes.

The Origins of Anxanum

The name Anxanum is shrouded in legend and myth. Ancient historians, including Giacomo Fella and Pietro Pollidori, spun tales of the city's origins, often blending fact with fiction. One such legend speaks of Solimo, a companion of Aeneas, who fled from Troy and founded the city in 1179 BC. Another version attributes the city's foundation to Anxa, Solimo's brother. Despite these colorful stories, archaeological evidence suggests that the site of Lanciano was inhabited long before the foundation of Rome, with Neolithic artifacts dating back to the 5th millennium BC.

Geographical Significance

Lanciano is perched on a sloping promontory between the Fosso Spirito Santo and the Fosso di S. Apollonia. This natural elevation, known as Colle Erminio or Lancianovecchio, provides a strategic vantage point and has played a crucial role in the city's development. The heart of Lanciano converges at Piazza Plebiscito, a bustling square that connects the ancient and modern parts of the city.

Anxanum During the Frentani Era

In the pre-Roman era, Anxanum was a significant center for the Frentani, a Samnite tribe that occupied the coastal region between the Pescara and Fortore rivers. The Frentani, known for their agricultural and pastoral economy, established Anxanum as their capital. The city's strategic location facilitated trade and commerce, connecting the Adriatic coast with the interior regions.

During the 4th and 3rd centuries BC, Anxanum and the Frentani allied with Rome after the Samnite Wars. This alliance brought prosperity and stability to the region, allowing Anxanum to flourish as a commercial hub. The city's markets and fairs attracted traders from far and wide, contributing to its economic growth.

Roman Influence and Development

In 304 BC, Anxanum came under Roman influence, marking a new chapter in its history. Unlike other Samnite tribes, the Frentani remained loyal to Rome during the Punic Wars, earning the city's status as a municipium. This period saw significant urban development, with the construction of roads, aqueducts, and public buildings.

One of the most remarkable Roman structures in Lanciano is the Ponte di Diocleziano, a bridge-cum-aqueduct built in the 3rd century AD. This architectural marvel, with its imposing arches, stands as a testament to Roman engineering prowess. The bridge not only facilitated transportation but also supplied water to the city, showcasing the advanced infrastructure of Anxanum.

Archaeological Treasures

Modern archaeological excavations have unearthed a wealth of artifacts that shed light on Lanciano's ancient past. In the 1990s, digs at Largo San Giovanni, Piazza Plebiscito, and Via dei Bastioni revealed remnants of Neolithic settlements, Roman pottery, and other relics. These findings are now housed in the Museo Civico Archeologico, located in the former convent of Santo Spirito, offering visitors a glimpse into the city's storied history.

The Legend of the Holy Lance

One of Lanciano's most intriguing legends is tied to the Holy Lance, believed to be the spear that pierced the side of Christ during the crucifixion. According to local lore, the Roman soldier Longinus, who wielded the lance, hailed from Lanciano. The city's name, Lanciano, is said to derive from lancia, the Italian word for lance, symbolizing this sacred connection. The relic is associated with the Church of San Legonziano, a site of pilgrimage and reverence.

Religious Heritage

Lanciano's religious heritage is rich and diverse, with numerous churches and convents dotting the landscape. The Church of San Francesco, built in the 13th century, is renowned for its stunning architecture and historical significance. The adjacent convent houses the Eucharistic Miracle of Lanciano, a revered relic that attracts pilgrims from around the world.

Another notable religious site is the Church of Santa Maria Maggiore, an exquisite example of Gothic architecture. Its intricate façade and beautifully adorned interior reflect the city's artistic and cultural heritage.

Modern Lanciano

Today, Lanciano seamlessly blends its ancient past with modernity. The city's vibrant streets, bustling markets, and lively festivals offer a delightful experience for visitors. The annual Lanciano Fair, dating back to the medieval era, continues to be a major attraction, showcasing local crafts, cuisine, and traditions.

Exploring Lanciano is like stepping into a living museum, where every corner tells a story. From its ancient origins as Anxanum to its present-day charm, this Italian gem invites you to embark on a journey through time, discovering the rich tapestry of history, culture, and legend that defines Lanciano.