Lugo Cathedral

Lugo Cathedral, officially known as Catedral de Santa María de Lugo, is an architectural gem nestled in the heart of Lugo, a historic city in Galicia, Spain. This majestic cathedral, with its towering spires and intricate facade, stands as a testament to centuries of religious devotion and artistic achievement. It is not just a place of worship but a symbol of the city's rich heritage and a must-visit for anyone exploring this enchanting region.

The History of Lugo Cathedral

The history of Lugo Cathedral is a journey through time, beginning in the early centuries of Christianity. The first church on this site dates back to the early evangelization period, possibly as early as the 1st century. However, it wasn't until the mid-8th century, under the direction of Bishop Odoario, that significant restoration and construction efforts transformed the site into a more substantial place of worship. An acrostic inscription on a medieval stone within the cathedral commemorates Odoario's contributions.

By the 12th century, the existing structure had deteriorated significantly, prompting Bishop Pedro III and the city's notable figures to commission a new cathedral in 1129. The renowned architect Raimundo de Monforte was tasked with designing this new edifice in the Romanesque style. Construction of the current Lugo Cathedral began in 1129 and was completed in 1273. Dedicated to Santa María, specifically the Virgin of the Big Eyes, the cathedral quickly became a beacon of faith and artistry.

Architectural Marvels

The architectural splendor of Lugo Cathedral is evident from its Latin cross plan, featuring three naves, a transept, and a chevet with five apsidal chapels. The central nave is covered by a pointed barrel vault, while the side naves feature a combination of barrel and groin vaults. The triforium windows, with their pointed arches, add a touch of elegance to the interior.

One of the most striking features of the cathedral is the Old Tower, a Gothic structure located to the left of the entrance. This tower, topped with a Renaissance bell chamber designed by Gaspar de Arce in 1571, adds a unique character to the cathedral's silhouette. The north door, an exquisite example of Romanesque art, is sheltered by a 16th-century portico with a star-shaped vault. The door itself, adorned with three archivolts and a splendid Pantocrator, dates back to the 12th century and is a masterpiece of medieval sculpture.

A Tapestry of Styles

Lugo Cathedral is a harmonious blend of various architectural styles, reflecting the different periods of its construction and renovation. The Romanesque elements are predominant, particularly in the vertical walls and the vault of the transept. The Gothic style is evident in the first body of the main chapel and the ambulatory with its apsidal chapels, built between 1320 and 1360. The Renaissance influence is seen in the second body of the main chapel and the current chapel of San Froilán.

The Baroque period left its mark on the sacristy, built in 1678, and the chapter house and its surroundings, completed in 1683. The Baroque cloister, finished in 1714, and the central chapel of the ambulatory, known as the Chapel of the Big Eyes, built in 1726, are also noteworthy. The neoclassical facade, designed by Julián Sánchez Bort in the late 18th century, was completed with the addition of two towers in the late 19th century, following Nemesio Cobreros' design inspired by Sánchez Bort's original plans.

Interior Treasures

Inside Lugo Cathedral, visitors are greeted by a wealth of artistic and historical treasures. The high altar, crafted by Cornelis de Holanda, is one of the cathedral's most prized possessions. Although it was damaged during the Lisbon earthquake of 1755 and subsequently divided into several parts, its grandeur remains evident. The two largest fragments are now located at either end of the transept.

The cathedral's choir, constructed by Francisco de Moure in the early 17th century, is another highlight. The intricately carved stalls, featuring 27 seats on the lower level and 37 on the upper level, are adorned with medallions and naturalistic elements. The choir's inscriptions provide a glimpse into the historical context of its creation, mentioning Pope Urban VIII and Spanish monarchs Philip IV and Isabel of Bourbon.

The Chapel of the Virgin of the Big Eyes

The Chapel of the Virgin of the Big Eyes, built in the 18th century by Fernando de Casas Novoa, is a masterpiece of Galician Baroque architecture. The chapel's retablo, created by sculptor Miguel de Romay, is a stunning example of Baroque artistry. The statue of the Virgin, the patron saint of Lugo, is a polychrome stone figure whose origins are debated, with some attributing it to the 12th century and others to the 15th century. The Virgin of the Big Eyes holds a special place in the hearts of Lugo's residents, and her feast day on August 15th is a major celebration in the city.

The Treasury and Relics

The cathedral's treasury, although significantly depleted by the Napoleonic invasion in 1809, still houses an impressive collection of chalices from the 15th to the 19th centuries. One of the most notable pieces is the 17th-century monstrance, traditionally attributed to Juan de Arfe but likely crafted by Bartolomé de Yepes. Other important items include the crown of the Virgin of the Big Eyes and the reliquary of San Froilán.

Lugo Cathedral is not just a place of worship; it is a living museum of art, history, and faith. Its walls and halls echo with the stories of centuries, inviting visitors to step back in time and experience the grandeur of a bygone era. Whether you are a history enthusiast, an art lover, or a spiritual seeker, Lugo Cathedral offers a rich and rewarding journey through the annals of Galicia's cultural heritage.