University Museum A Domus do Mitreo

Nestled in the historic city of Lugo, Spain, the University Museum A Domus do Mitreo offers a captivating glimpse into the ancient world of Roman civilization. This unique museum, known locally as Museo Universitario A Domus do Mitreo, is managed by the University of Santiago de Compostela and stands as a testament to the rich archaeological heritage of the region. Situated near the renowned Roman walls of Lugo, the museum is a treasure trove of history, revealing layers of the past through its fascinating exhibits.

The Discovery of A Domus do Mitreo

The story of the University Museum A Domus do Mitreo begins with an unexpected archaeological discovery. During the renovation of an old manor house near Lugo's Roman wall, archaeologists unearthed the remains of a Roman domus, a type of townhouse that dates back to the early Christian era. This domus existed continuously until the fall of the Roman Empire, making it an invaluable find for historians and archaeologists alike.

Excavations conducted between 2000 and 2007 revealed a sprawling area of approximately 600 square meters. Among the most intriguing findings was a section of the domus that had been converted into a mithraeum, a sanctuary dedicated to the god Mithras, around the early 3rd century AD. This discovery prompted a redesign of the original architectural plans for the museum, ensuring that the historical remains were preserved and integrated into the new building.

The Mithraeum: A Glimpse into Ancient Rituals

The mithraeum within the University Museum A Domus do Mitreo is a remarkable relic of ancient religious practices. It features a rectangular layout measuring 15.7 by 7 meters, with a central nave flanked by rows of pillars. These pillars likely supported side benches used by members of the Mithraic community as triclinia, or dining couches, during rituals.

At the end of the central nave, a niche once housed a bas-relief depicting the tauroctony, a symbolic scene of Mithras slaying a bull. Although the main entrance to the mithraeum has not been found, structures resembling a narthex or antechamber suggest a grand entryway. This sanctuary continued to serve as a religious center for its community until the mid-4th century, even after much of the domus was destroyed during the city's wall reconstruction around 260 AD.

The Votive Altar: A Testament to Roman Life

Among the artifacts discovered during the excavations is a granite votive altar dedicated by Gaius Victorius Victorinus, a centurion of the Legio VII Gemina Antoniana Pia Felix. This altar, found in situ, provides insight into the life of its dedicant, who was a prominent figure in Lugo's Roman society.

The inscription on the altar not only honors the god Mithras but also reveals details about Victorinus and two of his freedmen. It highlights his role as a centurion at the Statio Lucensis, a civil and military station in Lugo, underscoring the military and administrative significance of the area during Roman times.

Exploring the Museum

The University Museum A Domus do Mitreo offers visitors a chance to explore these ancient ruins and more. The museum is divided into several sections, including the hall, the basement with original wall reliefs and the Mithras temple, and the first floor, which features exhibits on the historical evolution of the area from the Middle Ages to the present day.

Visitors can access the archaeological site from the ground floor and enjoy a comprehensive exhibition space on the first floor. This space provides context for the archaeological findings and showcases the transformation of the site over the centuries. A conference room, known as the House of Knowledge, is also located on the ground floor, offering a venue for lectures and educational events.

A Journey Through Time

As you wander through the University Museum A Domus do Mitreo, you embark on a journey through time, experiencing the layers of history that have shaped this remarkable site. The museum's thoughtful design allows for an immersive experience, where ancient walls and artifacts tell the stories of those who once inhabited this space.

Whether you're a history enthusiast or a curious traveler, a visit to the University Museum A Domus do Mitreo is an opportunity to connect with the past and gain a deeper understanding of the Roman influence in Galicia. The museum stands as a testament to the enduring legacy of ancient civilizations and the ongoing quest to uncover and preserve our shared heritage.