The Church of Santa María, known locally as Iglesia de Santa María, stands as a testament to the rich historical tapestry of Miranda de Ebro, a charming town in the province of Burgos, Spain. This architectural gem, nestled in the heart of the town's historic district, is a captivating blend of Renaissance style with hints of late Gothic art. Its fortress-like appearance not only adds to its allure but also tells tales of a tumultuous past.
Constructed in the 16th century, the Church of Santa María was built on the site of the old Hospital del Chantre. This hospital was originally founded by Pascual Martínez, a Chantre of Calahorra, who provided sustenance to pilgrims traversing the Camino Vasco del Interior. The original church, dating back to the 12th century, was perched atop the hill of La Picota and was of Romanesque design.
In 1358, Tello de Castilla sought permission from the Bishopric of Calahorra to build a castle on this strategic hill, leading to the dismantling of the old church. The stones from the original structure were repurposed to construct the new Church of Santa María, which commenced in 1523 and concluded in 1571. Over the centuries, the church has witnessed numerous conflicts and natural disasters, including the loss of much of its artistic heritage during the Spanish Civil War in 1936.
The Church of Santa María is a hall church, or hallenkirche, featuring three naves of equal height and adorned with star-shaped ribbed vaults. Sixteen columns support these vaults, with twelve fluted columns along the perimeter and four smooth, columnar pillars taking prominence. The exterior showcases limestone ashlar masonry, a hallmark of its Renaissance design, while the interior boasts a blend of Gothic and Baroque elements.
Significant additions to the church include the gallery housing the bell tower (1629), a new sacristy (1633), and a porch added in 1741. The original tiled roof of the porch has been replaced with a graceful balustrade, forming a picturesque terrace.
The main altar, dating back to 1728, is a splendid example of Churrigueresque Baroque style. Originally from the Monastery of Santa María la Real de Obarenes, it was brought to the church in the 1940s. The altar is presided over by a statue of the Virgin of Altamira, crafted in 1980 as a replica of the original, which was lost in the 1936 fire.
The church is surrounded by various chapels, each with its own story. The most notable is the Renaissance-style Chapel of San Andrés, established in 1587 to house the tomb of Don Andrés Barrón. This funerary monument features Corinthian columns and is adorned with noble coats of arms and sculpted figures.
The Church of Santa María also preserves several processional sculptures used during Holy Week in Miranda de Ebro. These 17th and 18th-century pieces, many of unknown authorship, are dressed in exquisite silk and embroidery from the late 19th century. Highlights include the Crucified Christ (1630), Jesus Bound to the Column (1689), and Our Lady of Solitude (1739).
Under the choir, the mummified body of the Chantre of Calahorra, dressed in luxurious garments, has rested since 1812. This adds an intriguing layer to the church's already rich historical narrative.
A visit to the Church of Santa María is a journey through time, offering insights into the religious, cultural, and social history of Miranda de Ebro. The church's robust architecture and intricate interior details make it a must-see for history enthusiasts and casual tourists alike. Whether you're drawn by its artistic treasures or its storied past, the Church of Santa María promises a memorable experience.
In conclusion, the Church of Santa María in Miranda de Ebro is more than a religious monument; it is a symbol of resilience and a keeper of centuries-old stories. Its walls, steeped in history, continue to inspire awe and reverence, making it an essential stop on any exploration of this beautiful Spanish town.
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