Step back in time as you visit the Monongalia County Courthouse in Morgantown, West Virginia, a building that stands as a testament to over two centuries of history and architectural evolution. Nestled in the heart of the Downtown Morgantown Historic District, this Romanesque Revival-style courthouse is not just a hub of legal activity but also a significant landmark that narrates the story of Monongalia County and its people.
The Monongalia County Courthouse's history is as storied as the county itself. The original courthouse was erected in 1784, a year before Morgantown was officially founded. This wooden structure, costing a mere $250, was the first of several buildings to occupy the site. In 1796, a fire necessitated the construction of a second frame building. This was followed by a two-story brick structure in 1802, which was then replaced by another brick building in 1848, costing $6,500. Each iteration of the courthouse reflected the growing needs and aspirations of the community it served.
A notable feature from the 1851 courthouse was a wooden statue of Patrick Henry, commemorating his role in the creation of Monongalia County in 1776. This statue remains a cherished artifact, now housed in the turret of the current courthouse, a silent witness to the building's rich past.
The present Monongalia County Courthouse, completed in 1891, is a masterpiece of Victorian Romanesque architecture. Designed by Pittsburgh architect James P. Bailey, the building's construction was overseen by George W. L. Mayers' contracting firm at a cost of $53,478. The courthouse's distinctive red brick and stone facade, along with its commanding clock tower, make it a striking feature of Morgantown's skyline.
The courthouse measures 99 feet by 83 feet, with an additional three-story south tower and a five-story central clock tower. The clock tower, capped with a pyramidal roof and adorned with four domed buttresses, is particularly noteworthy. Its arcade belfry and stone molds over the clocks and windows add to the building's architectural charm. The first story of the courthouse stands at fifteen feet high, while the second story rises to twenty-two feet, creating a grand and imposing structure.
Beyond its architectural splendor, the Monongalia County Courthouse has always been a center of community and justice. Up until 1881, the courthouse courtyard was the site of public punishments, including whippings, stocks, and pillories. Today, it serves a much more benign purpose, hosting public meetings, street fairs, political rallies, and markets. The courthouse is not just a place of legal proceedings but a vibrant part of Morgantown's civic life.
The building underwent significant renovations in 1976, with the addition of an annex at a cost of $1.5 million. This expansion ensured that the courthouse could continue to meet the needs of the growing community while preserving its historical integrity. The courthouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985, cementing its status as a historical and architectural treasure.
Today, the Monongalia County Courthouse stands as a proud symbol of Morgantown's heritage. Its Romanesque arches, robust towers, and intricate stonework continue to draw the admiration of both residents and visitors. The courthouse's clock tower, with its four faces keeping time over the city, is a beloved landmark, often featured in photographs and local art.
As you walk through the courthouse, you can almost hear the echoes of the past – the fervent debates of town meetings, the solemn pronouncements of justice, and the lively chatter of market days. The building's walls are steeped in history, each brick and stone telling a story of the community's journey through time.
A visit to the Monongalia County Courthouse is a must for anyone interested in history, architecture, or the vibrant life of Morgantown. The courthouse is located at 243 High Street, easily accessible and centrally situated within the Downtown Morgantown Historic District. Whether you're attending a public event in the courtyard, exploring the architectural details of the building, or simply soaking in the atmosphere of this historic site, the courthouse offers a unique and enriching experience.
In conclusion, the Monongalia County Courthouse is not just a building; it is a living monument to the history and spirit of Morgantown. Its grand design, historical significance, and continued role in the community make it a fascinating destination for anyone visiting this charming West Virginia town. So, take a step back in time and explore the Monongalia County Courthouse – where history meets the present in a timeless embrace.
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