Broletto

The Broletto of Novara, nestled in the heart of this charming Italian city, is a captivating medieval complex that beckons travelers with its rich history and architectural diversity. This ensemble of four distinct buildings, each representing a different era and style, forms a stunning quadrilateral around a central courtyard, known as the Arengo. Just a stone's throw from the Duomo, the Broletto is a testament to the city's vibrant past and cultural heritage.

The Historical Tapestry of the Broletto

The origins of the Broletto date back to the 12th and 13th centuries, a time when it served as a bustling marketplace and a hub for public affairs. Constructed shortly after the Peace of Constance in 1183, it became a focal point for assemblies and the administration of justice, much like its counterparts in other Lombard cities. Although the exact date of its construction remains a mystery, the first historical mentions of the complex appear in documents from 1208, referring to it as in broreto comunis novarie and sub palacio comunis. Archaeological excavations during 20th-century restorations have revealed remnants of Roman-era walls and mosaic floors beneath its foundations, hinting at a history that predates the medieval period.

The Architectural Marvels of the Broletto

As you step into the Broletto, you'll be greeted by the Palazzo del Comune, or Palazzo dell'Arengo, the oldest structure in the complex. Dating back to the 12th century, this building features a portico with round arches on the ground floor, where medieval consuls once presided over civil cases. The upper floor houses a spacious hall that served as a venue for public assemblies. The façade is adorned with four triforas and fragments of a fresco dating from 1230 to 1260, depicting heraldic symbols and scenes of chivalry.

Adjacent to it is the Palazzo dei Paratici, a testament to the city's thriving artisan guilds. This building, constructed between the 12th and 13th centuries and expanded in the 18th century, boasts a simple yet elegant portico and loggia. On the southern side stands the Palazzo del Podestà, built between the late 14th and early 15th centuries. Its distinctive ogival arches and five mullioned windows adorned with terracotta decorations and 15th-century frescoes make it a standout feature of the Broletto.

The Palazzo dei Referendari, located on the western side, completes the quartet of buildings. It is the only structure without an open portico facing the courtyard, but its windows are embellished with intricate terracotta designs.

The Broletto's Modern Renaissance

After centuries of neglect, the Broletto underwent significant restoration efforts in the 20th century. In the late 1920s, architect Giovanni Lazanio spearheaded a project to restore the complex to its former glory. This involved reopening the monoforas of the Palazzo del Podestà, the triforas of the Arengo hall, and the courtyard's porticos, which had been bricked up over the years. The reconstruction of the well and the external staircase leading to the Arengo, demolished in the 18th century, was also part of this ambitious restoration.

The Broletto reopened to the public in March 2011, coinciding with the celebrations for the 150th anniversary of Italy's unification. Today, it houses the Galleria d'Arte Moderna Paolo e Adele Giannoni, showcasing over 800 Italian paintings from the 19th and 20th centuries. This gallery, donated to the city by Alfredo Giannoni in the 1930s, was closed to the public from 1986 until its reopening in 2011. In the summer months, the Broletto courtyard transforms into an open-air cinema, adding a contemporary twist to this historical site.

A Cultural Oasis in Novara

Visiting the Broletto offers a unique opportunity to delve into Novara's rich history while enjoying its vibrant cultural scene. Whether you're an art enthusiast exploring the Galleria d'Arte Moderna or a history buff tracing the footsteps of medieval consuls, the Broletto promises an unforgettable experience. Its blend of architectural styles, from Romanesque to Gothic, and its role as a center for justice and commerce make it a fascinating destination for anyone interested in Italy's storied past.

In conclusion, the Broletto of Novara is not just an architectural gem but a living testament to the city's enduring legacy. Its walls echo tales of civic duty, artistic expression, and community spirit, inviting visitors to step back in time and immerse themselves in the rich tapestry of Novara's history. Whether you're wandering through its ancient porticos or admiring its frescoes, the Broletto is a must-see attraction that captures the essence of this enchanting Italian city.