Orelli Palace, known locally as Palazzo Orelli, stands as a testament to Novara's rich commercial heritage and architectural elegance. This impressive edifice, constructed in the early 19th century, was originally designed to house the bustling grain market and a commodities trading floor. Today, Orelli Palace continues to thrive as a vibrant hub, accommodating an auditorium, offices, shops, and dining establishments, making it a must-visit landmark in Novara.
The roots of Orelli Palace trace back to the late 18th century when Novara's trade in rice, cereals, wine, and textiles experienced significant growth. Initially, the market was located in the courtyard of the Broletto, but as commerce flourished, the need for a larger, more suitable venue became evident. In 1816, the Commission of Public Ornamentation commissioned engineer Luigi Orelli to design a new market building.
Orelli's vision evolved from a simple portico to a grand quadrangular structure with two floors and a spacious inner courtyard. The construction spanned from 1817 to 1844, with expansions along the way. By the time it was completed, Orelli Palace had become a central hub for trade, cementing Novara's status as a major cereal market in Italy. During the 1849 Battle of Bicocca, the building was struck by cannon fire, and remnants of this history are still visible today.
Visitors to Orelli Palace are greeted by its grand portico, supported by arches and 88 columns interspersed with stone and wrought iron parapets. This architectural marvel is unique in Europe, with balconies not only at the center of the facades but also at the building's corners, adding to its distinct charm.
The main facade on Corso Italia features a striking entrance with two staircases converging beneath a pediment adorned with a sandstone and marble high relief by Gerolamo Rusca. This artwork depicts the Triumph of Ceres and Bacchus, symbolizing the agricultural abundance and prosperity of the region.
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The atrium, directly connected to the external portico, was designed for representation and is richly decorated with sculptures of prominent scholars in law and economics. These figures, crafted by local sculptors, include Sallustio Bandini, Antonio Genovesi, Pietro Verri, Melchiorre Gioia, and Gian Domenico Romagnosi. This choice of subjects, rather than mythological or historical figures, was made by Giacomo Giovanetti, advisor to King Carlo Alberto, in collaboration with historian Francesco Antonio Bianchini.
Inside, the grand staircase leading to the upper floor is adorned with marble plaques and busts of notable Novarese figures, including the building's architect, Luigi Orelli. The honor hall on the first floor boasts a mosaic marble floor with geometric designs and stucco friezes on the walls and ceiling, showcasing the palace's opulent interior.
In the 20th century, Orelli Palace underwent several transformations. In 1910, it became the site of the Civic Museum, displaying a collection of paintings, coins, weapons, and flags. During World War I, the basement served as a shelter for refugees from war-torn regions. The building also housed judicial offices and a courtroom for the Court of Assizes.
In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the building was refurbished, converting the large inner courtyard into a trading hall and adding an auditorium in the basement. Today, the property is divided among the Provincial Agricultural Consortium, the National Rice Authority, and the Chamber of Commerce, with each entity occupying distinct sections of the palace.
A visit to Orelli Palace offers a glimpse into Novara's commercial past and its vibrant present. The building's architectural beauty and historical significance make it a captivating destination for tourists and locals alike. Whether exploring the elegant porticoes, admiring the intricate decorations, or attending events in the auditorium, visitors will find themselves immersed in the rich tapestry of Novara's history.
In conclusion, Orelli Palace is not just an architectural gem but a living symbol of Novara's enduring spirit of commerce and culture. Its walls echo the stories of traders, scholars, and citizens who have shaped the city's legacy, making it an essential stop on any itinerary through this charming Italian city.
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