Great Synagogue

The Great Synagogue in Plzeň, known locally as Velká synagoga, stands as a monumental testament to the rich cultural and historical tapestry of the Jewish community in the Czech Republic. As the second largest synagogue in Europe, surpassed only by the Great Synagogue of Budapest, and the third largest in the world, this architectural marvel is a must-see for any visitor to Plzeň.

Historical Background

The Jewish presence in Plzeň dates back to the early 14th century. Despite facing periods of expulsion and persecution, the Jewish community flourished, especially after the emancipation of Jews in the Austrian Empire in 1848. By the late 19th century, the Jewish population in Plzeň had grown significantly, prompting the need for a larger place of worship. Thus, in 1892, construction of the Great Synagogue began, reflecting the prosperity and cultural significance of the Jewish community in the city.

The Construction and Architecture

The original plans for the Great Synagogue were drafted by Viennese architect Max Fleischer, envisioning a Gothic-style building with 65-meter-high twin towers. However, due to concerns that the structure might overshadow the nearby Cathedral of St. Bartholomew, the design was modified, reducing the height of the towers by 20 meters. The final design, completed by builder Rudolf Štech in 1893, is a unique blend of romantic and neo-Renaissance styles, adorned with oriental motifs and crowned with a giant Star of David.

The Great Synagogue's facade is a striking blend of architectural styles, featuring elements reminiscent of Russian Orthodox churches, Arabic roofs, and Indian influences in the Aron Ha-Kodesh. The result is a visually stunning and culturally rich structure that stands out in the heart of Plzeň.

World War II and Its Aftermath

The onset of World War II brought immense hardship to the Jewish community in Plzeň. During the Nazi occupation, the Great Synagogue was repurposed as a storage facility, sparing it from destruction. However, the Jewish population of Plzeň was decimated, and the synagogue’s use as a place of worship came to a halt.

After the war, the Jewish community reclaimed the Great Synagogue, but the dwindling number of congregants and the rise of the communist regime made it difficult to maintain regular services. The last regular service was held in 1973, after which the synagogue fell into disrepair.

Restoration and Modern Use

In the mid-1990s, a major restoration project was undertaken to save the Great Synagogue from further decay. Completed in 1998 at a cost of 63 million Czech crowns, the restoration returned the synagogue to its former glory. Today, the Great Synagogue serves a dual purpose. While it continues to host occasional religious services for the small Jewish community in Plzeň, it has also become a prestigious concert hall, renowned for its excellent acoustics and unique atmosphere.

Visitors to the Great Synagogue can enjoy a variety of cultural events, including performances by internationally acclaimed artists such as Joseph Malowany, Peter Dvorský, and Karel Gott. The synagogue also hosts contemporary photographic exhibitions, making it a vibrant cultural hub in the city.

Exploring the Great Synagogue

Stepping inside the Great Synagogue, visitors are greeted by a breathtaking interior that reflects the building's eclectic architectural influences. The main hall, with its high ceilings and intricate decorations, offers a glimpse into the grandeur of 19th-century synagogue architecture. The Aron Ha-Kodesh, with its Indian-inspired design, stands as a focal point, adding to the synagogue's exotic charm.

For those interested in history, the Great Synagogue provides a poignant reminder of the Jewish community's resilience and cultural contributions to Plzeň. The building itself is a testament to the enduring spirit of the Jewish people, having survived war, persecution, and neglect to become a symbol of cultural revival and unity.

Visitor Information

The Great Synagogue is located in the heart of Plzeň, making it easily accessible for tourists exploring the city. Whether you are attending a concert, viewing an exhibition, or simply admiring the architectural beauty of the building, a visit to the Great Synagogue is a deeply enriching experience. It offers a unique opportunity to connect with the rich history and cultural heritage of Plzeň's Jewish community.

In conclusion, the Great Synagogue in Plzeň is not just a place of worship; it is a beacon of cultural and historical significance. Its walls echo the stories of a community that has faced adversity with resilience and grace. A visit to this magnificent structure is a journey through time, offering insights into the past while celebrating the vibrant cultural life of today.