Nestled on a picturesque spur above the Tauber Valley, the Alte Burg, also known as Burg Rothenburg ob der Tauber, is a captivating ruin steeped in history. This medieval imperial castle, located near the charming town of Rothenburg ob der Tauber in Bavaria, Germany, offers visitors a glimpse into the past with its intriguing stories and architectural remnants.
The origins of Alte Burg trace back to the latter half of the 11th century when the Counts of Comburg-Rothenburg established a fortress in the region. This noble line ended in 1116, and the castle’s ownership is debated—either passing to the Benedictine Abbey of Comburg or, more likely, to the Hohenstaufen dynasty. King Conrad III of the Hohenstaufen family constructed a new imperial castle around 1142, strategically positioned on a steep promontory overlooking the Tauber River.
The castle played a significant role during the medieval period, often mentioned in historical documents. In 1188, it was part of a marriage arrangement between Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa and King Alfonso VIII of Castile, although the union never materialized. The castle's prominence waned after the Hohenstaufen era, yet it remained a royal residence until the mid-13th century.
Today, visitors can explore the remnants of this once-grand fortress. The site is divided into three main sections: Vorderburg, Mittelburg, and Hinterburg. The Vorderburg, located at the western tip, housed the royal court’s main buildings, while the Mittelburg and Hinterburg contained residences for the king’s officials.
One of the highlights is the Blasius Chapel, which retains significant parts of the Romanesque palace. Originally a residential building, it was converted into a chapel in the late 14th century. The chapel’s architecture, with its blend of Romanesque and early Gothic styles, showcases the medieval craftsmanship of the era.
The Blasius Chapel stands as a testament to the architectural evolution of the castle. Initially serving as a stately residence, it was transformed into a sacred space under the direction of Mayor Heinrich Toppler in the late 14th century. The chapel features beautifully preserved wall paintings and intricate stone carvings, offering a glimpse into the artistic endeavors of the period.
In the 17th and early 20th centuries, wooden galleries were added, enhancing the chapel’s interior. Today, it serves as a memorial for those who fell in the world wars, inviting reflection and contemplation amidst its historic walls.
The expansive perimeter walls of Alte Burg, constructed with characteristic rusticated stone blocks, are largely intact on three sides. These fortifications, with their imposing presence, hint at the castle’s former glory and strategic importance. The northern wall still shows traces of the destroyed great hall, a reminder of the castle’s past grandeur.
The Romanesque gate, now part of a private residence known as the Gärtnerhaus, was first excavated in 2007. This ancient entrance once served as the main access point to the castle, welcoming dignitaries and visitors alike.
No visit to Alte Burg is complete without a stroll through the castle gardens, which offer breathtaking views over the Tauber Valley. The gardens, located on the site of the former castle, provide a serene setting for reflection and relaxation. The Stauferstele, erected in 2010, commemorates the castle’s imperial past and the Hohenstaufen dynasty’s influence in the region.
Alte Burg is more than just a historical site; it is a journey through time that captures the imagination of all who visit. The castle’s ruins, with their stories of royal intrigue and medieval life, invite exploration and discovery. As you wander through the remnants of this once-mighty fortress, you can almost hear the echoes of history whispering through the stones, telling tales of a bygone era.
Whether you are a history enthusiast or simply seeking a picturesque location with rich cultural heritage, Alte Burg offers an unforgettable experience. Its walls, though weathered by time, continue to stand as a testament to the resilience and grandeur of the past, making it a must-visit destination in the heart of Bavaria.
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