Salamanca Old Cathedral

The Salamanca Old Cathedral, or Catedral Vieja de Salamanca, is a magnificent testament to Spain's rich architectural and religious history. Nestled in the heart of Salamanca, this ancient structure stands as a beacon of the Romanesque and Gothic styles that have shaped its walls since the 12th century. As you wander through its hallowed halls, you are not just stepping into a building, but into a time capsule that echoes the stories of centuries past.

The Historical Tapestry of Salamanca Old Cathedral

Construction of the Salamanca Old Cathedral began in the early 12th century, under the guidance of Bishop Jerónimo de Perigord. This era marked a fascinating transition from Romanesque to Gothic architecture, a shift that is beautifully encapsulated in the cathedral’s design. The project was completed in the late 14th century, thanks to the efforts of Bishop Alfonso Barasaque, who ensured the cathedral's completion.

Originally, there were plans to demolish the Old Cathedral during the construction of the New Cathedral in the 16th century. However, the Old Cathedral was spared due to the protracted timeline of the New Cathedral's construction and the need for a place of worship in the interim. Thus, the Salamanca Old Cathedral remains a cherished relic of the past, a survivor of time and change.

Architectural Marvels

The Salamanca Old Cathedral is a remarkable example of a basilica with a Latin cross layout, featuring three naves and a prominent transept. Its apse, the oldest part of the church, showcases semicircular designs with Romanesque windows that invite light into the sacred space. Originally designed as a fortress, the cathedral once boasted battlements and a flat roof, earning it the nickname Fortis Salmantina.

One of the most striking features of the cathedral is its dome, known as the Torre del Gallo due to the rooster-shaped weathervane that crowns it. Constructed around 1150, this dome is a masterpiece of architectural ingenuity. Its interior resembles an open orange with sixteen segments, while the exterior is almost conical, adorned with a unique scale-like decoration. This design is reminiscent of the domes found in the Cathedral of Zamora, part of the Duero group of domes, blending Byzantine and Leonese influences.

Artistic Treasures Within

Inside the cathedral, the main altarpiece is a stunning work from the 15th century, attributed to the Florentine artist Nicolás Florentino. This masterpiece, along with its frescoes depicting the Last Judgment, offers a vivid glimpse into the artistic advancements of the time. The altarpiece narrates the life of the Virgin Mary and Jesus Christ, culminating in the dramatic scene of the Last Judgment, where Christ is depicted separating the saved from the damned.

The cathedral also houses the revered image of the Virgen de la Vega, the city's patroness. This wooden figure, covered in gilded bronze and adorned with precious stones, dates back to the 12th century and reflects Byzantine artistic influences.

The Chapel of San Martín

Beneath the bell tower lies the Chapel of San Martín, also known as the Chapel of Oil. This humble yet historically significant space is adorned with paintings from the 13th century, credited to Antón Sánchez de Segovia. These artworks, featuring biblical prophets and saints, are among the oldest signed paintings in Europe, offering a rare glimpse into medieval religious art.

Exploring the Cloister

The cathedral's cloister is a serene space, adorned with frescoes from the 13th and 14th centuries that decorate the tombs and chapels within. Among these chapels, the Chapel of Talavera and the Chapel of Santa Bárbara stand out. The latter was once the site of university examinations, adding an academic layer to the cathedral's rich history.

In conclusion, the Salamanca Old Cathedral is more than a historical monument; it is a living chronicle of Spain's architectural evolution and religious devotion. Its walls tell tales of artistry, faith, and resilience, making it an essential destination for anyone visiting the enchanting city of Salamanca. As you explore its sacred spaces, you are not just witnessing history; you are becoming a part of it.