Old State Capitol State Historic Site

Step back in time and immerse yourself in the rich history of Illinois at the Old State Capitol State Historic Site in Springfield. This majestic Greek Revival building, with its stately columns and grand dome, is not just an architectural marvel but a cornerstone of American history. It served as the Illinois state house from 1840 to 1876 and played a pivotal role in the political careers of two of America's most influential figures: Abraham Lincoln and Barack Obama.

The History of the Old State Capitol

The journey of the Old State Capitol began in the 1830s when the burgeoning state of Illinois needed a new seat of government. The small village of Vandalia, the state's capital since 1820, was no longer suitable due to the rapid settlement of northern Illinois. A group of nine Illinois lawmakers, including a young lawyer named Abraham Lincoln, successfully lobbied to move the capital to Springfield. Construction of the new state house began in 1837 and was completed in 1840, costing $240,000, with the city of Springfield contributing $50,000.

Designed by local architect John Francis Rague, the building was constructed using yellow limestone from nearby Crow's Mill. It housed chambers for both the Illinois General Assembly and the Illinois Supreme Court, as well as offices for the Governor and other executive officials. Lincoln, who served his final term as a state lawmaker here in 1840-41, often pleaded cases before the state supreme court in this very building. It was also here, in the Illinois House chamber, that Lincoln delivered his famous House Divided speech in 1858, announcing his candidacy for the U.S. Senate.

A Place of Monumental Events

The Old State Capitol is not just a building; it's a witness to some of the most significant events in American history. In May 1865, the body of Abraham Lincoln was returned to this building to lie in state before his final burial in Springfield's Oak Ridge Cemetery. Fast forward to February 2007, when then-U.S. Senator Barack Obama announced his candidacy for President of the United States from this historic site. In August 2008, Obama returned to introduce his vice-presidential candidate, Joe Biden, with the Old State Capitol as a backdrop.

The Transformation into a Courthouse

By the 1870s, the Old State Capitol had become too small to serve its original purpose. The state government moved to a new building, and the Old State Capitol was turned over to Sangamon County to serve as the county courthouse from 1876 to 1966. During this period, the building underwent significant alterations. In 1898-1899, it was raised 11 feet to add a third floor and reconfigured to hold circuit courtrooms and office space.

Restoration and Preservation

The 1960s saw a renewed interest in the Old State Capitol, spurred by the Civil War centennial and the urgent space needs of Sangamon County. The county retroceded the building to the state of Illinois, which undertook an extensive restoration project from 1966 to 1969. Workers dismantled the building stone by stone and rebuilt it to resemble its appearance in 1860. The plaza around the Old State Capitol was excavated to construct an office and parking complex, which later served as the headquarters of the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency.

Exploring the Old State Capitol Today

Today, the Old State Capitol stands as a symbol of Illinois's rich history and its contributions to the nation. Visitors can explore the building through self-guided tours or join 30-minute guided tours to delve deeper into its storied past. The restored chambers and offices offer a glimpse into the political life of the 19th century, while various exhibits highlight the building's historical significance.

Annual Events and Cultural Significance

The Old State Capitol grounds are not just a historical site but also a vibrant cultural venue. Each May, the Springfield Old Capitol Art Fair takes place here, attracting artists and visitors from all over. The building also hosts various ceremonial functions, continuing its legacy as a place of public assembly and historical reflection.

In conclusion, the Old State Capitol State Historic Site in Springfield is more than just a building; it's a testament to the resilience and evolution of Illinois. Its walls have witnessed the rise of great leaders and the unfolding of pivotal moments in American history. A visit to this historic site is not just a journey through time but an opportunity to connect with the enduring spirit of democracy and leadership that has shaped our nation.