Colonial Building

Nestled in the heart of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, the Colonial Building stands as a testament to the rich history and architectural elegance of Canada’s easternmost province. This neoclassical structure, with its grandiose columns and storied past, invites visitors to step back in time and explore the political and cultural heritage of Newfoundland and Labrador.

The Birth of a Landmark

The Colonial Building's story begins in the early 19th century, a time when Newfoundland was navigating the waters of self-governance. In 1832, the colony was granted representative government, but it lacked a formal home for its legislature. Initially, the assembly met in a modest tavern on Duckworth Street, a far cry from the grandeur that was to come. The need for a permanent and dignified home for the legislature became apparent, leading to the construction of the Colonial Building.

The cornerstone was laid on May 24, 1847, by Governor Major-General Sir John Gaspar Le Marchant, marking the beginning of a new era. Designed by architect James Purcell and constructed by contractor Patrick Keough, the building was completed in 1850. Its white limestone facade, imported all the way from Little Island, Cork, Ireland, adds to its stately appearance, making it a prominent feature in St. John's.

Architectural Grandeur

The Colonial Building is a masterpiece of neoclassical architecture. Its facade is dominated by a massive portico with six Ionic columns supporting a triangular pediment. The pediment, adorned with the Royal Arms, is a nod to the building's colonial roots. Inside, the opulence continues with an interior hall screened by Ionic columns supporting a quadrangular lantern dome. The legislative chambers, with their 28-foot-high ceilings and Corinthian pilasters, evoke a sense of grandeur and importance.

One of the building's unique historical anecdotes involves Alexander Pindikowski, a Polish fresco painter. While serving a prison sentence for forgery in 1880, Pindikowski's artistic talents were put to use in the Colonial Building, earning him a reduction in his sentence. His work remains a hidden gem within the building's storied walls.

Historical Milestones

The Colonial Building has been a silent witness to many pivotal events in Newfoundland's history. It was here that responsible government was granted to Newfoundland in 1855, a significant step toward self-determination. The building also played a role in Newfoundland's entry into the Commission of Government in 1934 and later into Confederation with Canada in 1949.

However, not all events were peaceful. The building was the site of several political riots and disturbances, the most notable being the public protest on April 5, 1932. Amidst accusations of maladministration and corruption, protesters smashed windows and destroyed furniture, causing significant damage. The prime minister at the time, Sir Richard Squires, narrowly escaped the chaos.

A Place of Intrigue

The Colonial Building's history is peppered with tales of intrigue and drama. In 1850, it was the site of Newfoundland's first bank robbery. Thieves made off with £413 from the Colonial Treasurer's office, prompting a manhunt that eventually led to the capture of the culprits and the recovery of most of the stolen money.

Beyond its legislative function, the building housed offices, apartments for the caretaker and legislative librarian, and the Newfoundland Savings Bank. These diverse uses added layers to its historical significance, making it a multifaceted landmark in St. John's.

Preservation and Legacy

In 1974, the Colonial Building was declared a Provincial Historic Site, ensuring its preservation for future generations. From 2010 to 2015, extensive restoration work was undertaken to stabilize and restore the interiors, particularly the ceilings of the legislative chambers. These efforts have allowed the building to retain its historical charm while accommodating modern needs.

Today, the Colonial Building serves as the office for the Provincial Historic Sites of Newfoundland and Labrador and hosts several non-profit organizations, including the Museum Association of Newfoundland and Labrador. Its role as a cultural and historical hub continues, inviting visitors to explore its storied past.

Visiting the Colonial Building

A visit to the Colonial Building is a journey through Newfoundland's political and cultural history. As you approach the grand entrance, imagine the debates and decisions that took place within its walls, shaping the future of the province. The building's architecture, with its intricate details and historical significance, offers a glimpse into a bygone era.

Whether you're a history enthusiast or a curious traveler, the Colonial Building stands as a beacon of Newfoundland's rich heritage. Its walls echo with stories of governance, rebellion, and resilience, making it an essential stop on any tour of St. John's. Step inside, and let the Colonial Building transport you to a time when Newfoundland was forging its path in the world.