Udine Castle

Udine Castle, known locally as Castello di Udine, is a magnificent historical monument situated in the heart of Udine, the capital of the historic and geographical region of Friuli in Italy. Perched atop a hill at an elevation of 138 meters, this castle offers a breathtaking view of the city and its surrounding landscape. The castle is not just a symbol of the city's rich history but also a cultural hub that houses the civic museums, including an art gallery, an archaeological and numismatic museum, a museum dedicated to the Risorgimento, a gallery of drawings and prints, and the Friulian photography museum.

The History of Udine Castle

The origins of the hill on which Udine Castle stands have long been shrouded in legend. It was once believed that the hill was formed by the accumulation of debris over the centuries. However, a more enchanting tale tells of Attila the Hun, also known as the Scourge of God, who, after sacking Aquileia in 452 AD, ordered his soldiers to create a hill from which he could watch the city burn. The soldiers supposedly filled their helmets with earth and dumped it in a central spot, thus giving birth to the hill that now dominates Udine.

Recent archaeological studies, however, have revealed that the hill is indeed artificial but much older than the legend suggests. It dates back to the pre-Roman era, approximately 3,500 to 3,000 years ago, during the Bronze Age. This makes it contemporaneous with Silbury Hill in Wiltshire, England, but more significant in volume, making it the largest prehistoric mound in Europe.

The first documented mention of a building on the hill dates back to 983 AD when Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor, donated a castrum or military building to Rodoaldo, the Patriarch of Aquileia. The current structure was built on the ruins of a fortress constructed by the Patriarchs of Aquileia, which was destroyed by an earthquake in 1511. The construction of the present-day castle began in 1517 and took more than 50 years to complete. Giovanni da Udine, a pupil of Raphael, played a significant role in the final phase, along with Francesco Floriani, who continued the work after Giovanni's death. Giovanni da Udine was responsible for the exterior finishes and the decorations of the Parliament Hall, which were later completed by Floriani.

The Parliament Hall holds historical significance as it was the meeting place for the council of the Patria del Friuli, one of the earliest examples of a parliament in the world, until the French occupation in 1797.

Exploring Udine Castle

Today, Udine Castle is a treasure trove of art, history, and culture. As you approach the castle, the grandeur of its architecture is immediately striking. The castle's façade, with its elegant arches and detailed stonework, is a testament to the architectural prowess of its builders.

Inside, the castle houses several museums that cater to a wide range of interests. The art gallery boasts an impressive collection of paintings, including works by renowned artists from various periods. The archaeological and numismatic museum offers fascinating insights into the region's ancient history, with a vast collection of artifacts and coins that tell the story of Friuli's past.

The museum dedicated to the Risorgimento, Italy's unification movement, is a must-visit for history enthusiasts. It provides a detailed account of the events and figures that played a crucial role in the unification of Italy. The gallery of drawings and prints is a haven for art lovers, featuring exquisite works that showcase the artistic talent of the region.

One of the highlights of the castle is the Friulian photography museum, which houses a phototheque with over 150,000 images. This extensive collection offers a unique glimpse into the region's history and culture through the lens of photography. The museum also includes a university library with more than 30,000 volumes, making it a valuable resource for researchers and scholars.

Events and Exhibitions

Udine Castle is not just a static museum; it is a vibrant cultural center that hosts various events and exhibitions throughout the year. During the summer months, the castle's courtyard comes alive with concerts, exhibitions, and theatrical performances, making it a popular destination for both locals and tourists. These events provide a wonderful opportunity to experience the castle in a lively and dynamic setting, adding to the overall charm of this historic monument.

In Literature

The castle has also found its place in literature. Carlo Emilio Gadda, a renowned Italian writer, dedicated a collection of tales to the castle titled Il castello di Udine. This literary work adds another layer to the castle's rich cultural heritage, highlighting its significance beyond just a historical monument.

In conclusion, Udine Castle is a captivating destination that offers a perfect blend of history, art, and culture. Its majestic presence atop the hill, combined with the wealth of treasures it holds within its walls, makes it a must-visit for anyone exploring the region of Friuli. Whether you are a history buff, an art enthusiast, or simply a curious traveler, Udine Castle promises an enriching and unforgettable experience.