Ancient Roman circus of Vienne

The Ancient Roman circus of Vienne, locally known as the Cirque romain de Vienne, is a hidden gem nestled in the charming town of Vienne in southeastern France. This ancient monument, dating back to the late 2nd century, offers a fascinating glimpse into the grandeur and spectacle of Roman entertainment. While much of the original structure has been lost to time, one remarkable vestige remains: the iconic pyramid of Vienne, also referred to as the Tomb of Pilate.

The History of the Ancient Roman Circus of Vienne

The Ancient Roman circus of Vienne was built towards the end of the 2nd century, succeeding an earlier, smaller wooden structure from the late 1st century. These circuses were primarily used for chariot races, a popular form of entertainment in ancient Rome. The circus in Vienne was an impressive 460 meters in length and 118 meters in width, making it a significant landmark in the region.

Chariot races at the circus involved teams of horses, usually in pairs or groups of four, racing around a central barrier known as the spina. The races were thrilling spectacles, with the horses galloping at full speed while signals indicated the number of laps completed. The spina of the Vienne circus was adorned with basins and fountains, adding to the grandeur of the events.

Over the centuries, the circus underwent several modifications. In the second quarter of the 2nd century, a more extensive and durable structure was built, expanding the circus to the north. Despite the decline of the surrounding residential areas and docks in the 4th century, the circus continued to be used, possibly due to Vienne's occasional role as an imperial residence. The discovery of 4th-century coins during excavations suggests that the circus remained active during this period.

The Pyramid of Vienne

The most striking feature of the Ancient Roman circus of Vienne is the pyramid, a unique monument that has stood the test of time. This pyramid, commonly referred to as the Tomb of Pilate, is a stone structure resembling an obelisk, built atop a tetrapylon pedestal. Standing approximately 23 meters tall, with the base measuring 7.45 meters in height and 6.20 meters on each side, the pyramid is an impressive sight.

Throughout the Middle Ages, the pyramid gave rise to numerous legends. It was variously believed to be the cenotaph of Venerius the Consular, the founder of Vienne, or the mausoleum of emperors such as Augustus, Claudius, or Alexander Severus. The most enduring legend, however, is that of Pontius Pilate, who, according to local tradition, committed suicide in the Rhône River at Vienne. This story, popularized by Johann Georg Sulzer's 1775 travelogue Le voyage de Berlin à Nice, led to the pyramid being known as the Tomb of Pilate.

The pyramid, affectionately dubbed the needle by locals, now graces a small square in Vienne, once known as the Place de la Pyramide and now named Place Fernand-Point. This enduring monument serves as a testament to the rich history and enduring legends of Vienne.

Exploring the Ancient Roman Circus of Vienne

Visitors to the Ancient Roman circus of Vienne can immerse themselves in the history and grandeur of this ancient site. While the original circus structure is no longer visible, the pyramid stands as a poignant reminder of the past. The surrounding area, now occupied by houses, gardens, and low-rise buildings, offers a charming setting for exploring the remnants of this once-magnificent circus.

Just a stone's throw away from the pyramid is the renowned restaurant La Pyramide, named after the iconic monument. This establishment, associated with the legendary chef Fernand Point, is as famous as the pyramid itself. A visit to La Pyramide offers a delightful culinary experience, making it a perfect complement to a day spent exploring the historic sights of Vienne.

Chronology of the Ancient Roman Circus of Vienne

The history of the Ancient Roman circus of Vienne can be traced through several key milestones:

• Late 1st century: Construction of the first wooden circus in Vienne.
• Late 2nd century: Construction of the larger, more durable stone circus and the pyramid.
• 1853: Commencement of archaeological excavations, revealing the extent and significance of the ancient circus.

In conclusion, the Ancient Roman circus of Vienne is not just a relic of the past; it is a symbol of the rich cultural heritage of Vienne. The pyramid, with its fascinating history and legends, continues to captivate visitors, offering a window into the grandeur of ancient Roman entertainment and the enduring stories that have shaped this charming town. Whether you're a history enthusiast or simply a curious traveler, the Ancient Roman circus of Vienne is a must-visit destination that promises to leave you enchanted and inspired.