Vienne Cathedral

Vienne Cathedral, known locally as Cathédrale Saint-Maurice de Vienne, stands as an architectural marvel and a testament to the rich history of the city of Vienne in France. This monumental edifice, with its striking Gothic façade, has been a spiritual and cultural beacon since its inception, captivating visitors with its grandeur and historical significance.

The Historical Tapestry of Vienne Cathedral

The origins of Vienne Cathedral date back to the 4th century, although the current structure began to take shape in the 12th century. The site has been a place of Christian worship for over a millennium, with the first mention of a cathedral here dating back to 314 AD. The cathedral we admire today was largely constructed between the 11th and 16th centuries, evolving from Romanesque to Gothic styles as the centuries passed.

One of the pivotal moments in the cathedral's history was its consecration by Pope Innocent IV on April 20, 1251, under the dedication to Saint Maurice. The construction saw significant contributions from various archbishops, most notably Archbishop Léger, who initiated the reconstruction around 1030. The edifice was further expanded and embellished over the centuries, with the façade completed in 1529.

The cathedral has witnessed numerous historical events, including the coronation of Pope Callixtus II in 1119 and the famous Council of Vienne in 1311-1312, which led to the dissolution of the Knights Templar. Despite suffering damage during the Wars of Religion in the 16th century, when the Huguenots destroyed many of its sculptures and stained glass windows, the cathedral has been meticulously restored and preserved.

Architectural Splendor

The exterior of Vienne Cathedral is a breathtaking example of Gothic architecture. The façade, completed between the 14th and 16th centuries, features two imposing towers and a grand rose window flanked by lancet windows. The three richly decorated portals are adorned with intricate sculptures, although many were damaged during the religious conflicts of the 16th century. The central portal, dating from the late 15th century, depicts scenes from both the Old and New Testaments, while the north and south portals are adorned with angels, prophets, and scenes celebrating the Virgin Mary.

The north side of the cathedral boasts a 13th-century portal with a lintel featuring griffons, repurposed from an ancient building. The north wall is crowned with a series of ornately sculpted arcatures from the 12th century, adding to the building's historical depth and artistic richness.

Exploring the Interior

Stepping inside Vienne Cathedral, visitors are greeted by a harmonious blend of Romanesque and Gothic elements. The nave, stretching 90 meters in length and soaring to a height of 33 meters, is flanked by side aisles and features a triforium and clerestory windows. The elevated choir, necessitated by the sloping terrain, adds a unique architectural feature to the interior.

The cathedral is home to an array of artistic treasures, including a series of late 16th-century Flemish tapestries depicting episodes from the life of Saint Maurice. These five tapestries, displayed around the choir, are a highlight of any visit. The only pre-19th-century stained glass window, located in the right-hand aisle, depicts the Adoration of the Magi, with Saint Maurice and Saint James flanking the donor, accompanied by his patron saint, Saint Anthony.

Among the cathedral's most prized relics is the head reliquary of Saint Maurice, which houses his remains. Additionally, the cathedral boasts an impressive collection of Romanesque capitals from the early 12th century, featuring both narrative scenes and intricate vegetal motifs.

Notable Artworks and Memorials

The cathedral's interior is adorned with numerous sculptures and memorials. Noteworthy among these are the 13th-century sculpted groups, possibly remnants of the former rood screen. These include a bas-relief in the left nave depicting the Magi before Herod and another in the right nave showing the Adoration of the Magi.

In the north porch, three monumental 12th-century statues of apostles highlight the artistic exchanges between Vienne and Autun during this period. The mausoleum of Archbishops Armand de Montmorin and Henri Oswald de La Tour d'Auvergne, crafted by the sculptor Michel-Ange Slodtz, is another significant feature. This 18th-century funerary monument, delivered from Rome in 1747, depicts the two archbishops in a poignant tableau.

The high altar, also designed by Slodtz, incorporates antique marbles from Rome and is the sole pre-19th-century altar in the cathedral. The stone episcopal throne, dating from the 13th century, stands in the central apse, symbolizing the cathedral's enduring ecclesiastical authority.

The Bells of Vienne Cathedral

The cathedral's north tower houses five bells, cast by the Paccard Foundry of Annecy. Two of these bells date from 1870, while the remaining three were added in 1929. These bells continue to ring out, marking the passage of time and calling the faithful to worship.

Vienne Cathedral, with its rich history, architectural beauty, and artistic treasures, is a must-visit destination for anyone exploring the region. Whether you're a history enthusiast, an art lover, or simply seeking a moment of reflection, this magnificent cathedral offers a profound and inspiring experience.