San Francesco, known locally as Basilica di San Francesco alla Rocca, stands as a testament to the rich religious and cultural tapestry of Viterbo, Italy. This magnificent basilica, with its storied past and striking architecture, invites visitors to step back in time and explore the spiritual heart of this historic city.
The origins of San Francesco date back to 1237 when Pope Gregory IX gifted land to the Franciscans, marking the beginning of its journey. Originally incorporating the Alemanni Palace from 1208, the basilica has undergone numerous transformations. The 16th and 17th centuries saw significant restorations, introducing Baroque elements that were later removed to restore its Romanesque charm after World War II bombings. Reopened in 1953, the basilica now reflects its medieval roots, offering a window into the past.
As you approach San Francesco, the Romanesque façade captures your attention with its twisted columns and the papal insignia of Pope Pius XII, who elevated the church to a minor basilica in 1949. The façade once featured a portico and vibrant frescoes, hinting at the artistic splendor that lay within its walls. The hexagonal pulpit, erected in 1428, commemorates the sermons of St. Bernardino of Siena, adding a touch of historical intrigue.
Adjacent to the church stands a bell tower with a bell dating back to 1259, a reminder of the enduring legacy of this sacred site. The exterior’s simplicity belies the rich history it has witnessed, from saints and popes to emperors who have graced its halls.
Stepping inside, you are greeted by a Latin cross layout with a square apse and a ceiling that once boasted a Baroque vault. Despite the damages of war, San Francesco retains significant works of art. Among them is a 1572 painted panel depicting Viterbo with Saints Anthony of Padua and Rose of Viterbo, offering a rare panoramic view of the city from the late 16th century.
The right transept houses treasures such as the only remaining piece of Cardinal Giordano Pironti’s funerary monument and the exquisite tomb of Pope Adrian V, attributed to Arnolfo di Cambio. This masterpiece of Gothic funerary sculpture is adorned with intricate Cosmatesque decorations, a true gem of Italian art history.
The presbytery’s back wall is dominated by a modern stained-glass window from 1951, depicting the Franciscan tree, symbolizing the order’s history and achievements. Below, a grand organ adds a harmonious note to the sacred atmosphere.
In the left transept, the restored tomb of Pope Clement IV stands alongside the funerary statue of Cardinal Vicedomino Vicedomini, known as the Pope for a day. The Botonti family altar, once home to Sebastiano del Piombo’s renowned Pietà, now displays a perfect replica of this masterpiece.
The nave’s left wall features remnants of Cardinal Marco da Viterbo’s tomb and a painting of the Madonna with Child and Saints by Monaldo Trofi. The once fully frescoed walls, inspired by the Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi, have lost much of their original artwork due to past restorations and war damage.
San Francesco is not just a relic of the past; it remains a vibrant part of Viterbo’s cultural and spiritual life. Managed by the Lazio Museum Hub since 2014, the basilica continues to draw visitors from around the world, eager to experience its historical and artistic richness.
Whether you are a history enthusiast, an art lover, or a spiritual seeker, San Francesco offers a profound journey through time. Its walls echo with the stories of those who have walked its halls, from the humble Franciscans to the powerful figures of the church and state.
In conclusion, San Francesco is a beacon of history and faith in Viterbo, inviting all who visit to explore its depths and discover the beauty of its enduring legacy. As you wander through its hallowed spaces, take a moment to reflect on the centuries of devotion and artistry that have shaped this remarkable basilica.
Get your Tickets now!
With myCityHunt you can discover thousands of cities around the world in exciting scavenger hunts, treasure hunts and escape games!
myCityHunt vouchers are the perfect gift for many occasions! Surprise your friends and family with this extraordinary event gift. myCityHunt gift vouchers are valid for 2 years from the date of purchase and can be used within this period for a freely selectable city and tour from the myCityHunt portfolio.
Buy Gift Vouchers
