Schloss Polheim Wels

Schloss Polheim Wels, also known locally as Schloss Polheim, is a captivating historic site located in the city of Wels, the second-largest city in Upper Austria. This architectural marvel traces its roots back to the noble family of Polheim, making it one of the most significant landmarks in Wels. With a rich history spanning several centuries, Schloss Polheim Wels offers visitors a glimpse into the past while showcasing a blend of architectural styles that have evolved over time.

The Location and Setting

Originally, Schloss Polheim Wels was strategically situated opposite the princely castle at the northwestern corner of the city's fortifications. The complex extended to the Schmidtgasse in the east and the Freiung in the south. Across from the castle, outside the medieval city, lay the Meierhof (Gappenhof) and other Polheim properties. The entrance, which now opens onto the Ringstraße, was once secured by a drawbridge and a moat, filled in 1875. Today, the castle, albeit smaller, stands at the beginning of the Ringstraße, with its courtyard facing the Freiung. The surrounding Polheimer Park, located on Pollheimerstraße, adds to the charm of the remaining parts of the castle.

Architectural Highlights

The medieval section of Schloss Polheim Wels features a tower in the Gothic style, complete with Gothic window frames and a coat of arms. This section seamlessly transitions into the Renaissance part of the castle, where the architectural detailing of the windows is particularly noteworthy. The courtyard houses the former castle chapel, dating back to 1519, with its late Gothic windows still intact. Although part of the castle was demolished in the 17th century, the remaining structure is an irregular building comprising two wings in the late Renaissance style.

A Journey Through History

The history of Schloss Polheim Wels is deeply intertwined with the Polheimer noble family, first mentioned in records in 1237. Albero von Polheim, a prominent figure in Wels, is believed to have established the castle. The Polheimers, originally from Pollham near Grieskirchen, acquired significant properties in Wels around 1200. The construction of the city wall later divided this extensive estate.

The castle's origins date back to around 1280, coinciding with the construction of the former Minorite monastery. The Polheimers built a castle with a chapel, 24 rooms, 20 chambers, a stable, four kitchens, seven cellars, ten vaults, six grain stores, stables for 20 horses, three water wells, a fish pond, a brewery, and gardens. During the years 1530-1569, the Polheimers purchased additional land, including the site of the Bruckstadl, the granary, and the armory. With Emperor Maximilian II's permission, they constructed the North Gate in 1568/69, breaking through the city wall to access the then-city moat. The vault of the North Gate still bears traces of this breakthrough.

Between 1704 and 1733, extensive repairs and modifications were made to the castle. These included roof repairs, improvements to the brewery, and the addition of a knob to the ceiling of the clock tower. The castle's hall was designated a grain storage facility by imperial decree in 1741. Over the years, the castle underwent numerous repairs and alterations, including the restoration of the collapsed hall in 1768 and various repairs from 1780 to 1825.

Major Renovations and Changes

Schloss Polheim Wels has undergone three significant periods of renovation, each contributing to its current appearance. The first period saw the construction of the section facing Ring- and Pollheimerstraße, with the outer wall still reflecting its original defensive function. The second period involved the addition of the old wing (now Freiung 13, 14, 16), while the third period included the transverse wing with the vaulted passage and the adjacent hall building with its stair tower. Notable restoration work was carried out on houses Freiung 12 and 18 in the 1970s.

Ownership and Legacy

For many years, Schloss Polheim Wels was owned by the three Polheimer lines. However, due to debts, the Polheimers sold their properties in and around Wels in 1630. The castle eventually came into the hands of the Freiherren Spindler, who exchanged it with the city of Wels in 1695. Over time, parts of the castle were sold to various individuals, and today, the section housing the Landesmusikschule belongs to the city of Wels, while another part is owned by an investor.

Modern-Day Usage

Despite numerous renovations and the partial destruction of the original structure, Schloss Polheim Wels remains a prominent feature of the city. A plaque on the north side of the castle commemorates the famous Nuremberg Meistersinger Hans Sachs, who lived in Wels as a shoemaker's apprentice in 1513. The castle has served various purposes over the years, including as a soldiers' quarters, a grain and hop storage, a city brewery, a prison, a theater venue, and residential spaces. Today, it houses the Landesmusikschule of Upper Austria and offers rental apartments.

Schloss Polheim Wels stands as a testament to the city's rich history and cultural heritage. Its walls echo stories of nobility, architectural evolution, and the changing needs of the community. Whether you're a history enthusiast or simply looking to explore the charm of Wels, a visit to Schloss Polheim Wels promises a delightful journey through time.