Nestled in the picturesque town of Wettingen, Switzerland, stands the enchanting Bailiwick Castle, known locally as Landvogteischloss Baden. This charming fortress, located on the right bank of the Limmat River, has a storied history that stretches back to the 12th century. Today, it houses the Historical Museum Baden and the Baden City Archives, offering visitors a fascinating glimpse into the region's past.
Bailiwick Castle's origins can be traced back to the 12th century when it was initially constructed as a modest fortification known as Niderhus. The castle was strategically positioned at the narrowest point of the Badener Klus, serving as a crucial defense point between the Schlossberg to the west and the Lägern ridge to the east. Over the centuries, it transformed from a simple fort into a grand residence for the bailiff of the County of Baden.
The castle's early years saw it play host to the service people of the Counts of Lenzburg. However, in 1173, it came into the possession of the Counts of Kyburg through inheritance. By 1264, the Habsburgs had taken over the administration of the building, and it officially became their property in 1273. The Habsburgs incorporated the Niderhus into the city's fortifications around 1360, enhancing its defensive capabilities.
In 1415, the castle suffered significant damage during the conquest of Aargau by the Swiss Confederates. Despite this setback, it was promptly restored and became the residence of the bailiff of the County of Baden. The bailiff, appointed annually by the Swiss Confederates, oversaw the administration of the region from the castle. Plans to abandon the dilapidated Niderhus in favor of rebuilding the destroyed Stein Castle were eventually scrapped, and instead, the Niderhus was expanded and renovated into what became known as the Landvogteischloss.
The architectural evolution of Bailiwick Castle is a testament to its enduring significance. The castle's core is a three-story structure featuring a keep constructed from rubble and pebbles in the first half of the 12th century. Over the centuries, various additions were made, resulting in an irregular floor plan. The main wing, oriented north-south, takes the form of a bent ellipse, with a passage to a bridge on the southern side and a round stair tower, known as Schneggen, on the eastern facade.
One of the most distinctive features of Bailiwick Castle is the modern extension added to the northwest facade in 1992-93. Designed by architects Wilfrid and Katharina Steib, this addition, affectionately nicknamed Melonenschnitz (melon slice) by locals due to its curved shape, serves as an extension of the Historical Museum Baden. The museum itself is a treasure trove of artifacts, chronicling the city's history from Roman times to the present day. It also hosts rotating exhibitions on cultural history, making each visit a unique experience.
The Historical Museum Baden, housed within Bailiwick Castle, is a must-visit for history enthusiasts. The museum's exhibits cover a wide range of topics, from the development of the region's famous thermal baths to its industrial growth. Visitors can marvel at archaeological finds from the area and gain insights into the daily lives of the people who once inhabited this historic town.
One of the museum's highlights is the collection of documents housed in the Baden City Archives. These archives, located underground, preserve records of the city's administration dating back to 1300. They offer a fascinating glimpse into the bureaucratic and social history of Baden, making them an invaluable resource for researchers and history buffs alike.
After the French Revolution and the establishment of the Helvetic Republic in 1798, Bailiwick Castle lost its administrative purpose. In 1804, it was acquired by the Canton of Aargau and later purchased by the city of Baden in 1807. The castle served various functions over the years, including as a schoolhouse and even a temporary prison. However, by the early 20th century, it had fallen into disrepair.
A comprehensive restoration of the castle took place between 1909 and 1912, led by architect Otto Dorer. This restoration aimed to prepare the castle for its future role as a museum, ensuring that its historical significance would be preserved for generations to come. Today, Bailiwick Castle stands as a testament to the enduring legacy of the region's rich history.
A visit to Bailiwick Castle offers a delightful blend of history, architecture, and culture. As you approach the castle, you'll be greeted by its imposing facade and the charming covered wooden bridge that leads to the old town on the left bank of the Limmat River. The castle's unique silhouette, with its stepped gables and round stair tower, is a striking sight against the backdrop of the Lägern ridge.
Inside the castle, you'll find a wealth of exhibits that bring the history of Baden to life. From medieval artifacts to more recent historical documents, the museum offers a comprehensive overview of the region's past. Be sure to explore the modern extension, where temporary exhibitions provide fresh perspectives on cultural history.
In conclusion, Bailiwick Castle is more than just a historic building; it is a symbol of Wettingen's rich heritage and a testament to the resilience of its people. Whether you're a history enthusiast, an architecture aficionado, or simply a curious traveler, a visit to this enchanting castle is sure to be a memorable experience. So, take a step back in time and immerse yourself in the captivating history of Bailiwick Castle.
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