Standing proudly in the heart of Burlington, Iowa, the Des Moines County Court House is a testament to the architectural and historical legacy of the region. Built in 1940, this courthouse is the fourth structure to serve the judicial and administrative needs of Des Moines County, a symbol of resilience and progress through the decades.
The earliest court sessions in Des Moines County were held in humble log cabins, reflecting the frontier spirit of the time. As the county grew, so did the need for a more permanent judicial facility. Marion Hall was leased for a period, but it was the acquisition of Mozart Hall in 1866 that marked a significant step forward. Unfortunately, a devastating fire in 1873 razed Mozart Hall and many precious county records. The county offices once again found a temporary home in Marion Hall until a new courthouse, designed by Perley Hale, was completed in 1882.
This four-story edifice, constructed from Ohio sandstone and brick, was a marvel of its time, featuring a cupola and innovative fireproofing measures. However, by the late 1930s, the need for a modern facility became apparent. In 1938, the county secured a grant from the Public Works Administration (PWA), and voters approved a bond referendum to fund the construction of a new courthouse. The renowned architectural firm Keffer & Jones from Des Moines was tasked with the design, and construction commenced under the supervision of Paul Steenberg Construction Co. of St. Paul, Minnesota.
The Des Moines County Court House is a striking example of Depression Modern or PWA Moderne architecture. The building's symmetrical façade, composed of buff-colored brick and Bedford limestone trim, exudes a sense of dignity and strength. Measuring 126 by 70 feet, the courthouse features a central section that slightly protrudes, adding to its commanding presence.
Inside, a central corridor runs the length of each floor, with office spaces opening onto it. The corners of the building house vaults for record storage, ensuring the safekeeping of important documents. The interior is adorned with multi-colored terrazzo floors, marble wainscoting, and acoustic tiles, creating an atmosphere of both elegance and functionality. The courtroom, originally decorated in dark wood tones and Art Deco ornamentation, remains a focal point of the building.
The Des Moines County Court House is not just a functional building; it is a site of historical importance. Located on a quarter block on the north side of Burlington's central business district, the courthouse overlooks the majestic Mississippi River. The previous courthouse, which stood a half block to the south, has its own tales to tell, but it is the current structure that has witnessed the modern evolution of the county's judicial system.
On the courthouse grounds, visitors will find a flagpole and a brick and stone monument featuring a stone carving of the Sauk warrior Black Hawk. This carving, originally from the old courthouse, was discovered in storage during the 1960s and incorporated into the monument in 1972. The monument commemorates the Black Hawk Treaty of 1832, which opened this section of Iowa to Euro-American settlement.
Also on the property is a small freestanding building constructed in 1997 for the transportation of county prisoners, following the removal of the jail from the courthouse. This addition underscores the evolving needs and functions of the judicial system over the years.
Today, the Des Moines County Court House continues to serve as the hub of judicial and administrative activities in the county. Its historical and architectural significance was formally recognized in 2003 when it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of the PWA-Era County Courthouses of Iowa Multiple Properties Submission.
Visitors to the courthouse can appreciate not only its architectural beauty but also the rich tapestry of history it represents. From its early days in log cabins to its current status as a modern judicial facility, the Des Moines County Court House stands as a symbol of the community's resilience and progress. Whether you are a history enthusiast, an architecture aficionado, or simply a curious traveler, a visit to this courthouse offers a unique glimpse into the past and present of Des Moines County.
In conclusion, the Des Moines County Court House is more than just a building; it is a living monument to the history, culture, and spirit of Burlington, Iowa. Its walls have witnessed countless stories of justice, governance, and community, making it an essential stop for anyone exploring this charming Midwestern town.
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